大学科研创新力评价及中国提升策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 15:24

  本文选题：大学　切入点：科研　出处：《武汉大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：大学是知识和技术生产和传播者,是科技创新的重要源泉,在国家创新能力建设中发挥独特的科技引领性作用。开展世界大学科研创新力评价,从比较中找出中国大学和世界知名大学创新力的差距,提出提升中国大学创新力的策略,藉以提高中国的综合国力,有利于完善我国创新体系建设和提高我国创新能力,为我国一流大学建设树立风向标,推动我国高等教育综合改革。创新是指人们能动地进行的产生一定价值成果的首创性活动。创新力亦即创新能力,是指人们能动地进行的产生一定价值成果的首创性活动的能力。大学科研创新力,是指大学在科研活动中能有效利用和优化配置各种创新资源,通过知识创新、技术创新、成果转化创新、管理创新等各种创新活动,产出高水平科研创新成果能力。本研究所指中国大学是指狭义的中国大陆的大学,未包含港、澳、台三地的大学,不带任何政治色彩和倾向。本研究认为,大学创新力由创新产出数量和创新产出质量两个维度构成。模型纬度的设置是基于两个方面的考虑,一是数据的易获取性,评价主要数据来自基本科技指标和德温特专利数据库,数据权威,更新快；二是便于国际比较。采用专家咨询法和层析分析法,确定了大学科研创新力评价模型和指标权重。原始数据采用标准分转化并用T分数校正,再用最大值归一法进行百分制处理。利用SPSS20软件算出单项、维度及总分得分,得出排名结果。结果表明,我国大学产出发明专利数得分及创新数量得分高于均值外,其他单项、纬度及总分均低于均值。差距表现在,中国大学虽然是论文生产大国之一,但是在世界顶级刊物上发表文章偏少,或者说原创性成果偏少；在ESI检索中的文章,热门论文数、高被引论文数总量较多,但校均数量指标排名靠后,和知名大学有较大差距；与国外大学相比,代表技术创新能力的发明专利占比不够高；中国大学学科创新力总体偏弱,极少数学科力量较强,但部分学科还需填补空白。究其原因,主要有,中国大学乃至中国缺少在国际上某个学术领域领军担纲的人物；大学理念缺失；大学制度缺失；高等学校科技经费有了较快增长,但政府投入占比过大,企事业单位委托经费占比不升反降,不利于高校和企业协同创新。要提升大学科研创新力,可从以下几个方面着手,政府高度重视,营造良好的促进大学创新的制度和政策环境；培育创新文化,营造良好的科技创新氛围；深化科研体制改革,推进国家创新体系及大学创新体系建设；加强基础理论研究,有效进行原始性创新；从政府主导向政府、企业“双主导”、产学合作创新转移；促进大学科研成果有效转化；通过制度创新来提升大学创新力。
[Abstract]:Universities are the producers and disseminators of knowledge and technology, the important source of scientific and technological innovation, and play a unique leading role in the construction of national innovation capacity.In order to improve the comprehensive national strength of China, we should carry out the evaluation of the innovation ability of the world universities, find out the gap between the innovation ability of the Chinese universities and the famous universities in the world, and put forward the strategies to enhance the innovation ability of the universities in China.It is propitious to perfect the construction of our country's innovation system and improve our country's innovation ability, set up the vane for the construction of the first-class university in our country, and promote the comprehensive reform of our country's higher education.Innovation refers to the initiative that people carry out to produce certain value results.Innovation, that is, innovation ability, refers to the initiative of people to produce certain value results.The innovation ability of university scientific research means that the university can effectively utilize and optimize the allocation of all kinds of innovative resources in scientific research activities, and through knowledge innovation, technological innovation, achievements transformation innovation, management innovation and other innovative activities,Ability to produce high level scientific research and innovation achievements.The Chinese universities in this study refer to mainland Chinese universities in narrow sense, which do not contain Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan universities without any political color and tendency.This study holds that the innovation ability of university consists of two dimensions: the quantity of innovation output and the quality of innovation output.The latitude of the model is based on two considerations, one is the accessibility of the data, the evaluation of the main data from the basic scientific and technological indicators and Derwent patent database, data authority, fast update, the other is to facilitate international comparison.The evaluation model and index weight of university scientific research innovation ability were determined by expert consultation and chromatography analysis.The original data is converted by standard division and corrected by T fraction, and then processed by the maximum value normalization method.Using SPSS20 software to calculate the single item, dimension and total score, get the ranking results.The results show that the scores of the number of patents and the number of innovations of university output in China are higher than the average, and the other items, latitude and total score are lower than the average.However, the index of average number of universities is lower than that of famous universities; compared with foreign universities, the proportion of invention patents representing the ability of technological innovation is not high enough; the ability of discipline innovation of Chinese universities is generally weak, and the strength of a few disciplines is relatively strong.But some disciplines still need to fill the gap.The main reasons for this are that Chinese universities and even China are short of leading figures in an international academic field; lack of university ideas; lack of university system; and the rapid growth of science and technology funds in colleges and universities, but the proportion of government investment is too large.Enterprises and institutions entrust funds not rise but decline, which is not conducive to collaborative innovation between universities and enterprises.In order to enhance the scientific research innovation ability of universities, we can start from the following aspects: the government should attach great importance to it, create a good system and policy environment for promoting university innovation, foster innovation culture, create a good atmosphere for scientific and technological innovation, and deepen the reform of scientific research system.To promote the construction of national innovation system and university innovation system; to strengthen the basic theoretical research and carry on the original innovation effectively; to transfer from the government leading to the government, the enterprise "double leading", the production and learning cooperation innovation; to promote the university scientific research achievement to transform effectively;To improve university innovation through institutional innovation.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G644
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本文编号：1696114