优秀射箭运动员不同负荷状态下中枢神经递质、脑电复杂度变化及干预方法的研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 13:11

本文选题：优秀射箭运动员　切入点：负荷状态　出处：《山西大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：本研究在备战里约奥运会射箭项目科技服务项目研究的基础上,对2013-2016年度国家射箭集训队运动员的脑电复杂度参数与中枢神经递质参数进行系统跟踪测试与分析,同时对参加2008年和2012年奥运会、2010年和2014年亚运会以及2011年世锦赛的顶级射箭运动员脑电复杂度参数与中枢神经递质参数进行对比分析。主要研究内容包括：(1)优秀射箭运动员在三种类型的负荷状态下其中枢神经递质参数与脑电复杂度参数的变化特点。(2)国家射箭队顶级运动员参加重大比赛前大脑中枢神经递质参数与脑电复杂度参数的变化特点。(3)团体项目中不同发射位置运动员全脑中枢神经递质分布特点。(4)脑波诱导干预训练对优秀射箭运动员在大负荷量训练后的脑电复杂度参数和中枢神经递质参数产生的影响。研究发现：(1)在射箭训练中,负荷量的增加并不能够提高运动员中枢神经的兴奋性和训练效益,因此负荷量安排应在合理的区间内进行波动式的设置。同时,射箭运动员LL-HLI阶段与LL-LLI训练阶段额区β频段功率值有显著差异,快速放电的强度增加会导致能量消耗加大,其中枢神经虽然兴奋性得到提高,却更容易出现疲劳。(2)在HL-LLI阶段,一方面,作为人体的内源性活性物质的运动员脑内5羟色氨(5-HT)水平呈显著上升趋势；另一方面,在这一阶段脑内多巴胺(DA)水平则较LL-LLI阶段有所下降。(3)不论是HL-LLI训练阶段,还是LL-HLI阶段运动员脑电复杂度均出现下降趋势,虽然两阶段之间的差异并不显著,但均显著低于LL-LLI阶段。(4)通过上述的实验研究表明,中国国家射箭队所参加的三类重要的国际赛事之间,运动员赛前脑电复杂度参数与中枢神经递质水平具有一定的特殊性。在赛前30天内,进行的中枢机能评估能够有效地发现运动员对训练计划中负荷量与强度的适应程度,并做出及时调整。同时由于中枢神经递质水平能够在一定程度上反映运动员赛前心理状态,因此可以将此参数作为赛前心理状态的量化评估参考数据,针对性地进行运动员的赛前心理调节。(5)由于能够参加大型赛事的被试运动员数量有限,目前的数据分析无法对有些变化趋势做出具有统计学意义的显著性分析,但参考以往的研究仍可发现脑电复杂度参数、中枢神经递质水平会随着大赛的临近与运动员赛前中枢机能状态及心理状态之间存在着一定相关关系,对于分析和监测射箭运动员赛前竞技状态是一种非常有效的方法,对优秀射箭运动员的参加大型比赛赛前训练调控具有重要意义。因此可作为国家射箭队日常训练及备战大型重要国际赛事的赛前准备程序中的重要一环。(6)首箭位置、二箭位置与末箭位置具有不同的比赛特点,其全脑中枢神经递质的分布也具有各自特点。首箭、末箭位置运动员兴奋水平明显高于二箭位置运动员。在选择三个位置运动员过程中要充分考虑运动员中枢神经系统机能特点。(7)经过30天的脑波诱导训练后,运动员大脑的放松程度有了显著的提高,使运动员机体处于一种良好的协调状态；通过脑内乙酰胆碱和NE的释放,有利于运动员大脑血管的舒张,促进中枢神经系统的物质代谢水平,从而使射箭运动员的中枢神经系统功能得到改善,同时消除紧张情绪和疲劳状态。
[Abstract]:Based on the research of preparing for the Rio Olympics research project of science and technology services of archery, the 2013-2016 annual national archery athletes EEG test and analysis system for tracking complex parameters and central neurotransmitter parameters, at the same time to participate in the Olympic Games in 2008 and 2012, 2010 and 2014 Asian Games and top archery world Championship in 2011 the athletes EEG complexity parameters and neurotransmitters parameters are analyzed. The main research contents include: (1) elite archery athletes in the three types of load under the condition of the central nervous variation characteristics of quality parameters and EEG complexity parameters. (2) National Archery before brain neurotransmitters and brain electrical parameters the complexity of the parameter variation characteristics of team top athletes to participate in major competitions. (3) the group project in athletes of different launch position of whole brain neurotransmitters into bout . (4) brainwave intervention training of elite archery athletes in the brain after big load training complex impact parameters and central neurotransmitter parameters. Study found that: (1) in archery training, increase the load can not improve the athlete nervous excitability and training efficiency, therefore the load the amount of arrangements should be fluctuated within a reasonable range of settings. At the same time, LL-HLI and LL-LLI stages of archery athletes training stage frontal beta band power significantly increased, rapid discharge intensity will lead to increased energy consumption, although the central nerve excitability increases, more prone to fatigue (2) in HL-LLI. Stage, on the one hand, as endogenous active substances the body of athletes in the brain of 5 hydroxy tryptophan (5-HT) level was significantly increased; on the other hand, at this stage of brain dopamine (DA) level was LL-LLI Stage of decline. (3) whether it is HL-LLI or LL-HLI phase of athletes training stage, EEG complexity was decreased, while the differences between the two stages is not significant, but were significantly lower than that of LL-LLI. (4) through the above experimental study shows that China National Archery three major international tournaments in the team among the athletes, EEG complexity parameters and central neurotransmitters have certain particularity. In the first 30 days, the central function of assessment can effectively find the athletes adapt to and strong load training degree, and make timely adjustments. At the same time as the central neurotransmitter level can reflect the psychological the state of athletes in a certain extent, it can be this parameter as a quantitative assessment of the psychological state of the reference data, adjusting for athletes before (Psychology. 5) due to the subjects in sports events limited number, analysis of the current data to make analysis was statistically significant for some changes, but with reference to previous studies can be found in EEG complexity parameters, the central neurotransmitter level with a certain relation between the approach and the athletes before competition the central function and psychological state, is a very effective method for the analysis and monitoring of archery athletes athletic state, the elite archery athletes to participate in the big game is important before the training regulation. So it can be used as the national archery team daily training and preparing for the major international events in the pre preparation program (an important part. 6) the first arrow position, two position and end position with the arrow arrow matches the different features of the distribution of brain neurotransmitters also are different Since the first arrow. At the end of the arrow, excited level position athletes was higher than the two arrow position player. In the choice of the position of the three athletes in the process of athletes to fully consider the characteristics of the central nervous system function. (7) after 30 days of brainwave training, relaxation degree athletes have improved significantly, the athletes in the body a good coordination state; through brain acetylcholine and NE release, diastolic blood vessels in the brain to athletes, promote the level of material metabolism in the central nervous system, so that the function of the central nervous system archery athletes are improved, and the elimination of tension and fatigue.

【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G887

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