高等教育分流制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-30 20:42

本文选题：高等教育分流制度 + 制度分析　；参考：《华中师范大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：高等教育大众化进程的深入推进、终身教育体系建设的迫切要求和大众高等教育需求的多样化,要求我国高等教育建立起比例合理、功能明确、沟通顺畅的合理分流体系。当前,由于我国高等教育分流制度的不健全导致我国高等教育分流出现比例失衡、功能重叠和沟通不畅等突出问题。因此,开展高等教育分流制度研究,对于我国高等教育合理分流的实现具有重要的意义。本研究沿着“理论探讨——历史梳理——问题归纳——成因分析——创新思考”的逻辑思路展开。除第一章绪论之外,主要由五大研究内容构成。第一部分是对高等教育分流制度研究进行理论探讨,由第二章构成。界定了高等教育分流制度研究的核心概念,阐述了高等教育分流理论、终身教育理论、制度变迁理论等理论依据的主要观点及其对本研究的指导作用。高等教育分流是高等教育分流主体根据社会发展的需要和可能、分流对象的意愿和条件,由分流机构实施操作的对分流对象的有目的、有计划、有差别的培养高层次专门人才的活动。当前,高等教育分流呈现出流向多元、职普沟通、上下衔接、内外融合、前后循环的新的时代内涵。高等教育分流制度是人为设计的,约束高等教育分流活动各相关主体行为和主体间互动关系的规则体系,主要包括高等教育多向分流制度、高等教育职普沟通制度、高等教育上下衔接制度、高等教育内外融合制度、高等教育前后循环制度。高等教育分流制度的建立健全受到政府管理体制机制、高校自主发展能力、学生参与高教管理层次、企业参与高教发展程度、社会文化教育观念等五大因素的制约。第二部分是对我国高等教育分流制度的演进历程进行分析,由第三章构成。从总体上看,我国高等教育分流制度基本是到改革开放后才真正得以发展,并在政府实施高等教育扩招政策后发展进程加快。高等教育教育多向分流制度中的高等职业教育发展制度经历了初步探索、雏形建立、不断完善三个发展阶段；非正规高等教育发展制度经历了雏形期、成型期、提升期三个发展阶段；民办高等教育发展制度经历了萌芽期、波动期、深化期三个发展阶段。职普沟通制度中的职普“专升本”制度经历了制度的出台、制度的修正、制度的调整三个发展阶段；职普联合培养制度经历了制度的酝酿、制度的形成、制度的实施三个发展阶段。上下衔接制度经历了单轨上下衔接、单轨上下衔接向双轨交互上下衔接过渡两个发展阶段。内外融合制度在计划经济时期、改革开放初期和深化改革时期呈现出不同的特点。前后循环制度经历了制度的文本出台、试点实践两个发展阶段。第三部分是对我国高等教育分流制度的现实困境进行分析,由第四章构成。总体看,当前我国高等教育分流制度面临的现实困境可以归纳为以下三点：一是缺乏顶层设计,制度的协调性较差；二是缺乏专门立法,制度的权威性不强；三是缺乏配套制度,制度的操作性太弱。具体看,多向分流制度面临的现实困境主要有制度权威性不高、制度协调性较差、制度操作性不强：职普沟通制度的现实困境主要包括沟通渠道单一、沟通的单向性、具体环节的不完善；上下衔接制度的现实困境包括缺乏高等职业教育“对口式”上下衔接通道、缺乏普通高等教育“转流式”上下衔接通道；内外融合制度的现实困境主要是缺乏顶层设计、科学论证和可操作性：前后循环制度的现实困境包括缺乏明确有力的专门法规、缺乏覆盖全国的标准框架、缺乏相互协调的配套制度。第四部分是对导致我国高等教育分流制度现实困境的原因进行分析,由第五章构成。导致当前我国高等教育分流制度现实困境的因素主要有五个：一是政府管理体制机制。政府重集权管理轻分权管理、重部门利益轻公共利益的高等教育管理体制和重政策调控轻依法治理、重计划手段轻市场作用的高等教育管理机制是导致我国高等教育分流制度现实困境的重要因素之一。二是高校自主发展能力。我国高校办学自主权未得到充分落实、高校联合发展机制的缺失严重阻碍了高校的自主发展能力的提升,限制了高校在分流制度建设中的主体作用的发挥。三是学生参与高教管理层次。当前我国学生参与高教管理时面临着参与意识偏弱、参与能力不强、参与机制欠缺和制度不全等问题,这使得学生无法充分发挥自身在高等教育分流制度建设中的主体作用,从而阻碍了我国高等教育分流制度的建立健全。四是企业参与高教程度。当前我国企业在参与高等教育发展时呈现出重经济利益轻社会责任、重单兵突进轻行业协作、重表面形式轻深层参与的缺点,导致企业没有发挥其在我国高等教育分流制度建设中的应有作用,从而制约了我国高等教育分流制度的建设进程。五是社会文化教育观念。当前在我国社会中终结性学习观、一元化人才观、封闭取向的高等教育发展观和控制取向的高等教育管理观仍然具有很大的影响,导致我国高等教育分流制度建设缺乏有利的思想和文化氛围。这五大因素与五个高等教育分流制度所面临的现实困境之间的关系并不是简单的一对一的关系,而是呈现出一对多或者多对一的复杂关系。第五部分是对我国高等教育分流制度的创新进行探讨,由第六章构成。在创新主体构成上,中央政府是高等教育分流制度创新的宏观调控者；地方政府是高等教育分流制度创新的中观统筹者；高校是高等教育分流制度创新的微观实施者；学生是高等教育分流制度创新的主要参与者；企业是高等教育分流制度创新的重要推动者。在创新动力来源上,高等教育分流制度创新意味着对制度背后政府(中央政府和地方政府)、高校、学生、企业等利益相关者的原有利益格局进行调整。只有通过一定的利益协调机制达成各方利益的平衡点,形成制度创新的共识,高等教育分流制度的创新才能获得动力并有可能取得实质的创新成果。在实施策略上,我国高等教育分流制度创新应采取政府推动与市场诱导相结合、顶层设计与局部试点相结合、适度突破与稳步推进相结合、立足国情与合理借鉴相结合四大实施策略。在具体路径上,要针对五个高等教育分流制度存在的问题,分别采取具体的改革举措。在环境优化上,一是要优化政府的高教管理体制机制,二是要增强高等学校的自主发展能力,三是要提升学生参与高教管理的层次,四是要提高企业参与高教发展的程度,五是要营造良好的文化教育观念氛围。
[Abstract]:The deepening of the popularization of higher education, the urgent demand for the construction of lifelong education system and the diversification of the demand for the public higher education require the establishment of a reasonable and rational distributary system with reasonable proportion, clear function and smooth communication in China's higher education. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the research on the distributary system of higher education, which is of great significance to the realization of the rational distributary of higher education in China. This study follows the logical idea of "theoretical discussion - Historical combing - problem induction - genetic analysis - innovation thinking" Apart from the first chapter, it mainly consists of five major research contents. The first part is a theoretical discussion on the study of the higher education distributary system, which is composed of second chapters. It defines the core concept of the study of the higher education distributary system, and expounds the main theoretical basis of the theory of higher education shunt, the theory of lifelong education and the theory of institutional change. The diverting higher education distributary is the activity of the higher education diverting subject in accordance with the needs and possibilities of social development, the intention and condition of diverting the object, the purpose, the plan and the differential training of the high-level talents, which are carried out by the distributary agencies. The system of higher education distributary system is a rule system which is designed artificially, constrains the related subject behavior of higher education distributary activities and intersubjective relationship between subjects, mainly including high education multi direction distributary system and higher education communication system. The system of higher education and lower education, the system of internal and external integration of higher education, and the circulation system of higher education, the establishment of the system of higher education distributary system, the restriction of the government management system, the ability of independent development of colleges and universities, the participation of students in the management level of higher education, the participation of enterprises in the development of higher education and the concept of social and cultural education. The second part is the analysis of the evolution process of the system of higher education shunt in China, which is composed of third chapters. In general, the system of higher education distributary in China is basically developed after the reform and opening up, and the process of development is accelerated after the government has implemented the policy of increasing the enrollment of higher education. The system of the development of higher vocational education has undergone a preliminary exploration, the prototype is established, and the three stages of development have been perfected. The development system of the informal higher education has experienced the embryonic period, the forming period and the three stages of promotion; the private higher education development system has experienced the germination period, the fluctuation period and the deepening period of three stages of development. The system of "professional promotion" has experienced the introduction of the system, the revision of the system and the adjustment of the system in three stages. The system has experienced the brewing of the system, the formation of the system, and the three stages of the implementation of the system. The upper and lower cohesion system has experienced the single track and down link, the single track and the lower and the lower link to the double track. In the two stages of transition, the internal and external integration system has different characteristics in the period of the planned economy, the early stage of reform and opening up and the deepening of the reform. The system has experienced the text of the system and the two stages of experimental practice. The third part is the analysis of the realistic predicament of the higher education distributary system in China and the fourth chapter. As a whole, the current predicament of our country's higher education distributary system can be summed up as following three points: one is the lack of top-level design, the coordination of the system is poor; two is the lack of special legislation, the authority of the system is not strong; three is the lack of supporting system, the system is too weak. In particular, multi direction diversion system is faced with the present The real plight of the practical difficulties mainly includes the single communication channel, the one-way communication and the imperfect links; the realistic predicament of the upper and lower cohesion system includes the lack of the upper and lower connecting channels of the higher vocational education, and the lack of the link between the upper and the lower of the higher vocational education. The current dilemma of the internal and external integration system is mainly the lack of top-level design, scientific demonstration and maneuverability. The realistic predicament of the system includes the lack of clear and powerful special regulations, the lack of standard framework covering the whole country and the lack of a coordinated system. Fourth parts. This paper analyzes the causes of the realistic predicament of the system of higher education shunt in China, which is composed of fifth chapters. There are five factors leading to the current predicament of the current higher education distributary system in our country: one is the government management system mechanism, the government's heavy decentralization management is a light decentralization management, and the higher education management of the interests and the light of the public interests is emphasized. It is one of the important factors that lead to the realistic predicament of the higher education distributary system in our country. Two is the independent development ability of colleges and universities. The autonomy of colleges and universities in our country has not been fully implemented, and the lack of the University's joint development mechanism is seriously hindered. The promotion of the independent development ability of the school has limited the main role of the University in the construction of the distributary system. Three the students participate in the higher education management level. At present, the students are faced with the problems of weak participation consciousness, poor participation ability, lack of participation mechanism and system inadequacy in the management of higher education in our country, which makes the students unable to give full play to them. The main role of itself in the construction of the higher education distributary system has hindered the establishment and improvement of the system of higher education shunt in our country. Four is the participation of enterprises in higher education. At present, enterprises in our country take on heavy economic interests and light social responsibility when participating in the development of higher education. Its shortcomings lead to the failure of enterprises to play their role in the construction of higher education distributary system in China, thus restricting the construction process of the system of higher education shunt in China. Five is the concept of social and cultural education. At present, the concept of terminative learning, the concept of monalization of talent, the concept of closed oriented higher education development and control are taken in the society of our country. The management view of higher education still has a great influence, which leads to the lack of favorable ideological and cultural atmosphere for the construction of higher education distributary system in China. The relationship between the five major factors and the realistic predicament facing the five higher education distributary system is not a simple one to one relationship, but a pair of more or more pairs. The fifth part is the exploration of the innovation of the system of higher education shunt in China, which is composed of sixth chapters. The central government is the macro regulator of the innovation of the higher education distributary system, the local government is the mesoscopic coordinator of the innovation of the higher education distributary system and the higher education distributary system is created by the local government. The student is the main participant in the innovation of the higher education distributary system; the enterprise is an important promoter of the innovation of the higher education distributary system. The innovation of the higher education distributary system means the stakeholders behind the system, such as the government (the central government and the local government), the universities, the students, the enterprises and so on. The original interest pattern is adjusted. Only through a certain interest coordination mechanism to achieve the balance of the interests of all parties, form the consensus of the system innovation, the innovation of the higher education distributary system can obtain the motive force and may obtain the substantial innovation results. In the implementation strategy, the innovation of the high education shunt system in China should be promoted by the government and the government. The combination of market induction, top layer design and local pilot, moderate breakthrough and steady advance, combining the four major implementation strategies based on national conditions and rational reference. On the specific path, specific reform measures should be taken to solve the problems of the five higher education distributary system. In the environment optimization, the first is to optimize the government. The high education management system mechanism, two is to strengthen the independent development of colleges and universities, the three is to improve the level of students to participate in the management of higher education, the four is to improve the degree of enterprise participation in the development of higher education, and the five is to create a good cultural and educational concept atmosphere.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G649.2

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