我国男子20公里高水平竞走运动员专项训练负荷控制的研究

发布时间：2019-02-12 10:29

【摘要】：本研究以国家高水平男子20公里竞走运动员的相对成功训练-比赛周期的负荷控制为研究对象,运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实地调查法与数理统计等方法,从训练负荷本身及其引起的机体效应两条路径探讨专项训练负荷控制的一般原理及其应用,为竞走专项理论建构提供现实依据和为我国备战竞走大赛提供理论支持与现实参考。通过研究提出了训练负荷控制操作概念、等水平作业定律、课中累加与渐增负荷控制原理、课间恢复时机控制原理、负债负荷与累加负债负荷控制原理。训练负荷控制是以创造优异的运动成绩为目的,施控主体对运动机体承受负荷过程实施的严格掌控。包括课中、课间与负荷效应控制。常用作业距离按2或5的倍数设置短翼专项距离和长翼专项距离区间。区内高度正相关,区间无明显相关；作业距离与专项成绩无明显相关,解释为作业成绩随作业距离的增加而增加的正关联关系。在一定时期,某作业距离所能发挥的最高平均成绩等于在另一作业距离所能发挥的最高平均成绩乘上两个作业距离比值的K次方。K为功率指数。在一定时期,用某一成绩作业距离LA和利用与之等水平成绩作业距离LB所产生的负荷比值等于两个距离比值的J次方,J为负荷指数。无论是用全力强度还是某一强度在某距离上连续作业,全程距离的负荷值等于孤立作业各分段所产生的负荷值分别开(1+J)次方的和的(1+J)次方。匀速走必然小于变速走相等成绩所产生的负荷。匀速走一场20公里,比赛成绩在±1：30范围内变化视为合理。为了战术需要,应重视变速能力培养。全程匀速走负荷随单位距离的增加而按(1+J)次方倍率增加；第n段负荷随单位距离增加而按(n^(1+J)+(n-1)^(1+J))倍率增加；第n段渐增负荷随单位距离增加而按(n^(1+J)+(n-1)^(1+J))-1)倍率增加。应加强运动员负荷节奏培养。运动员在赛前3周承受(1.11±0.069)负债负荷进入赛前1周基本能接受；承受(0.65±0.12)负债负荷参加比赛有风险。建构一个完整的专项负荷效应控制模式应突出个性化特征,以实施针对性训练。
[Abstract]:This study takes the relatively successful training of the national high level men's 20 km race walkers as the research object, using the methods of literature, expert interview, field investigation and mathematical statistics, etc. This paper discusses the general principle and application of special training load control from the training load itself and its two routes of organism effect, which provides the practical basis for the construction of the special theory of race walking and provides theoretical support and practical reference for our country to prepare for the race walking contest. The concept of training load control operation, the law of equal level operation, the principle of accumulative and incremental load control in class, the control principle of recess recovery opportunity, the control principle of debt load and cumulative debt load are put forward. The purpose of training load control is to create excellent sports results. Including class, class and load effect control. The commonly used operating distance is divided into two or five multiples of short wing special distance and long wing special distance. There was no significant correlation between work distance and special achievement, which was explained as the positive correlation between work achievement and work distance. In a certain period of time, the maximum average score of a given work distance is equal to the maximum average achievement of another work distance multiplied by the power exponent of the ratio of two job distances. In a certain period, the load ratio produced by using the distance from a certain score to the work LA and the equal level of the performance distance from the LB is equal to the J power of two distance ratios, and J is the load index. The load value of the whole distance is equal to the (1 J) power of the sum of the (1 J) power generated by each segment of the isolated operation, regardless of whether the full strength or a certain strength is used continuously at a certain distance. The uniform speed walk is bound to be less than the load generated by the equal performance of the variable speed walk. A uniform speed of 20 km, race results within 卤1:30 range is considered reasonable. In order to meet the tactical needs, attention should be paid to the training of variable speed ability. The load of the whole course increases with the increase of unit distance to the power of (1 J), and the load of segment n increases with the increase of unit distance by (n ^ (1 J) (n-1) ^ (1 J); The gradual increase of the load in section n increases with the increase of unit distance at the rate of (n ^ (1 J) (n-1) ^ (1 J) -1). The training of athletes'load rhythm should be strengthened. The athletes were able to bear (1.11 卤0.069) debt load in 3 weeks before the competition and (0.65 卤0.12) debt load to participate in the competition. In order to construct a complete control mode of special load effect, individualized characteristics should be highlighted in order to carry out targeted training.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G821

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