近代传教士中医译介活动及其影响研究

发布时间：2019-04-20 15:31

【摘要】：研究目的：传教士在近代中西医文化交流活动中发挥了媒介和桥梁作用,受到学术界的广泛关注。文献研究显示,人们对传教士开展的西医传入活动研究较为充分,而他们所开展的中医译介活动尚未得到充分重视。本研究尝试对近代传教士的中医译介活动进行较为系统的梳理和研究,并探讨这种译介活动的原因、特征、促进和阻碍因素、影响以及对当今中医对外传播的启示,从而更好的认识传教士在中外医学文化交流中发挥的作用。研究方法：主要采用文献学方法和描述性方法开展研究。采用文献学方法搜集近代来华传教士开展中医译介活动的相关文献资料,内容涉及近代中国社会历史背景、传教士的概况、传教士开展的中医译介活动等等。采用描述性的方法对传教士的中医译介活动进行描述和展示,探索影响其译介活动的各种因素及这种译介活动对西方所产生的影响。描述性研究方法包括共时性描述和历时性描述。共时性描述针对某一历史阶段所发生的译介活动,而历时性描述从不同历史时期的译介活动中发现其变化的规律。研究内容：以近代中国社会为历史背景,以来华传教士所开展的中医译介活动为研究对象,通过梳理、分析所收集到的文献资料,将传教士的中医译介活动归纳总结为八类,分别进行论述,这八类包括：对中国医学的整体译介、对针灸学知识、本草学知识、法医学著作、解剖学著作、中医养生知识、中医医学史和其他中医学内容的译介。在此基础上,探讨近代传教士中医译介活动的原因、特征和影响因素,以及这种译介活动对西方医学和西方社会产生的影响和对当代中医对外传播的启示。研究结论：1、研究发现,近代传教士中医译介活动的原因包括传教士考察、探索中医药资源、促进在华传教工作、弥补在华行医西药的不足以及折服于中医的神奇疗效等几个方面；2、近代传教士中医译介活动的特征体现在两个方面,一是对中医学的内容介绍多于翻译,一是借助了中国医生和学者的帮助；3、促进传教士开展中医译介活动的因素主要是传教士群体专业素养的提高,阻碍因素是中医译介与传播宗教之间的矛盾以及中外语言文化的差异；4、该历史活动产生的积极影响表现在对中医西传、对西方医学的发展、对西方汉学研究、对近代翻译研究的促进作用,消极影响表现在部分传教士对中医的“误读”使得中医在西方被片面理解甚至曲解；5、该历史活动对当代中医对外传播有所启示,应从被动输出转变为主动输出,在分析西方需求的基础上选择输出内容,提高中医自信力,注重中医理论的传播等；6、对传教士群体的研究离不开历史史实的支撑和客观的审视视角,一方面,他们把西方的先进科学成就介绍到中国,同时把包括中国医学在内的中国优秀科学文化传播到西方,使中国科学文明参与并影响了西方社会的发展和科学的进步；另一方面,传教士自身或浓或淡的宗教色彩影响了他们对东西方科学知识的把握和传播效果,具有一定的局限性。
[Abstract]:The purpose of the study is that the missionaries play the role of the media and the bridge in the exchange activities of the modern Chinese and western medicine, and are of great concern to the academic community. The study of the literature shows that the study of the incoming activities of the western medicine carried out by the missionaries is sufficient, and the translation of the traditional Chinese medicine has not been paid much attention. This study attempts to make a systematic review and study of the translation of Chinese medicine in modern missionaries, and to explore the causes, features, promoting and hindering factors, influence and the enlightenment to the present Chinese medicine's outward transmission, So as to better understand the role of the missionaries in the cultural exchange between the Chinese and foreign countries. Methods: The study was carried out mainly by the method of philology and the descriptive method. This paper uses the literature method to collect the relevant documents of the translation of Chinese medicine in modern China, which covers the historical background of the modern Chinese society, the situation of the missionaries, the translation of the Chinese medicine by the missionaries, and so on. In this paper, a descriptive method is used to describe and show the translation activities of the traditional Chinese medicine of the missionaries, and to explore the various factors which influence the translation and the influence of the translation activities on the West. Descriptive study methods include a synchronic description and a diachronic description. The synchronic description is aimed at the translation activities that occur in a certain historical stage, and the diachronic description is the rule of the change in the translation activities of different historical periods. The contents of the study are as follows: in the background of modern Chinese society, the translation of Chinese medicine by the missionaries in China is the object of the study, and by combing and analyzing the data collected, the translation activities of the Chinese medicine of the missionaries are summarized into eight categories, which are discussed separately. The translation of Chinese medicine, the knowledge of acupuncture and moxibustion, the knowledge of this herb, the book of forensic medicine, the anatomical work, the health-preserving knowledge of the Chinese medicine, the medical history of the Chinese medicine and the contents of other Chinese medicine. On the basis of this, this paper discusses the causes, characteristics and influencing factors of the translation of Chinese traditional Chinese medicine, as well as the influence of the translation activities on the western medicine and the western society and the enlightenment to the external transmission of the present Chinese medicine. The results of the study are as follows:1. The study found that the causes of the translation of Chinese medicine in the modern missionaries include the study of the missionaries, the exploration of the resources of the Chinese medicine, the promotion of the work of the Chinese missionary work, the deficiency of the western medicine in China and the magic curative effect of the medicine in the Chinese medicine, etc.; The characteristics of Chinese translation of Chinese medicine in modern times are reflected in two aspects, one is to introduce more than translation to the contents of traditional Chinese medicine, one is to use the help of Chinese doctors and scholars, and 3. The factors that promote the translation of Chinese medicine by the missionaries are mainly the improvement of the professional accomplishment of the missionaries. The blocking factor is the contradiction between the translation of Chinese medicine and the spread of religion, and the difference of the Chinese and foreign language culture. The negative effect shows that in some missionaries, the "misreading" of traditional Chinese medicine has made the traditional Chinese medicine one-sided understanding and even misinterpretation in the West;5, the historical activity has the inspiration to the foreign communication of the contemporary Chinese medicine, from the passive output to the active output, and the output content is selected on the basis of analyzing the western demand, To improve the self-care of the Chinese medicine and to pay attention to the spread of the theory of Chinese medicine, the study of the preacher group can not be separated from the historical and historical support and the objective examination, on the one hand, they introduce the advanced scientific achievements of the West to China, At the same time, the dissemination of China's excellent scientific culture, including Chinese medicine, to the West, has made China's scientific and civilized participation and influenced the development of the western society and the progress of science; on the other hand, The preacher's own or rich or light religious color has affected their grasp and dissemination of the scientific knowledge of the East and the West, and has certain limitations.
【学位授予单位】：山东中医药大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R-09

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