从霍妮的精神分析理论看《瓦解》与《神箭》的主人公形象

发布时间：2017-12-27 01:06

本文关键词：从霍妮的精神分析理论看《瓦解》与《神箭》的主人公形象　出处：《华侨大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：尼日利亚小说家钦努阿·阿契贝(Chinua Achebe,1930-2013)被誉为“现代非洲文学之父”,他凭借其长篇处女作《瓦解》(Things Fall Apart,1958)跻身于非洲最受欢迎作家之列。其第三部小说《神箭》(Arrow of God,1964)是《瓦解》主题的延伸,它更全面地呈现了传统伊博社会的历史变迁。本文借用新弗洛伊德主义重要代表霍妮(K.D.Horney)的理论观点对比分析这两部小说主人公奥贡喀沃与伊祖鲁的神经症人格,通过文本细读与对历史语境的考察,探讨其悲剧命运的社会历史根源并从中窥探阿契贝文学创作心理的变化。《瓦解》的主人公奥贡喀沃是伊博传统文化的产物,他一生神经质地追求权力、财富与荣誉,捍卫部族传统习俗,形成了典型的攻击型神经症人格;却在生活中竭力压抑其内心温和的一面,努力摆脱父亲的心理阴影而成为伊博社会的头面人物。在面对西方基督教文明冲击下伊博文明日渐瓦解而无能为力时,其拒绝屈从的刚烈性格使他最终愤而自尽,成为殖民主义背景下的历史祭品。通过奥贡喀沃人物形象的塑造,阿契贝旨在鞭挞西方殖民入侵对非洲土著人民的精神戕害,同时也揭示传统伊博文化自身的局限性并强调“刚柔并济”平衡理念在现代生活中的重要性。与奥贡喀沃相比,《神箭》的主人公伊祖鲁的性格较为完整,他是一位在生活中采用屈从型与攻击型双重人际防御策略的神经症患者,为了实现对权威的渴求与解决内心冲突而展开了与殖民者、与族人的抗争,最终由于过度强调个人价值而导致自我疏离与道德价值观的混乱。换句话说,西方现代文化与非洲传统文化的冲突内化为伊祖鲁自身的内心冲突,他饱受着严重的神经症冲突,体验了“理想化意象”支离破碎的苦楚,之后在无法承受的精神张力中以外化形式掩盖了自身的冲突,最终造成自我疏离与道德价值观的混乱。毋庸赘言,阿契贝以“神箭”为题,旨在将批判的笔锋指向当地土著领导阶层自身的道德价值认知问题(而殖民主义批判逐渐退居其次),有力地证明了个体的责任意识与政治智慧对尼日利亚社会发展的重要作用。本文作者认为,阿契贝是一位极具民族责任意识与爱国主义情怀的非洲作家,他的文学创作指向的是尼日利亚的过去、现在与未来,从《神箭》开始,他的创作重心从对殖民主义的批判转向对民族责任的追问,其中饱含了他对尼日利亚国家前途与命运的忧思。
[Abstract]:Chinua Achebe, a Nigeria novelist (Chinua Achebe, 1930-2013), is known as the father of modern African literature. He ranks among the most popular writers in Africa by his long debut of Things Fall Apart (1958). The third novel "arrows" (Arrow of God, 1964) is the "extended" collapse of the theme, it presents a more comprehensive history of the traditional Igbo society. In this paper, using the new Freud doctrine is an important representative Horneyan (K.D.Horney) theory of comparative analysis of the two protagonists and the Zulu Iran Kawo Ogun neurotic personality, through a close reading of the text and study of the historical context of social history, to explore the root causes of their tragic fate and changes from prying his literature creation psychology. "The collapse of" hero Kawo Ogun is a product of the traditional culture of the Igbo, his life nervously in pursuit of power, wealth and honor, to defend the tribal traditions, forming a typical attack of neurotic personality; but in life to suppress its internal mild side, trying to get rid of his psychological shadow and become the protagonist of Igbo society the. In the face of Western Christian civilization under the impact of Igbo civilization crumbling and incapable of action, it refused to bend the strong character that he eventually angrily suicide, a colonial context of the historical. By shaping the characters of Ogun Kawo, to castigate the Western colonial invasion of his African indigenous people's spiritual harm, but also reveals the limitations of the traditional Igbo culture itself and emphasizes the importance of "rigid and soft" balance philosophy in modern life. Compared with Ogun Kawo, "" the hero of Iraq arrows Zulu character is complete, he is a type of attack and to adopt double defensive tactics in the life of the patients, in order to realize the desire for authority and resolve inner conflicts and start with the colonists, and their struggle, eventually because of excessive emphasizes the individual value and lead to self alienation and moral values confusion. In other words, the conflict between traditional culture and modern western culture of Africa into Iraq Zulu inner conflict itself, he is suffering from neurosis serious conflicts, experience the ideal image reduced to fragments "after suffering, in the spirit of tension cannot afford in the form of cover their conflict, resulting in alienation and moral the confusion of values. Needless to say, the "arrows" in the title, his moral values to critical cognitive problems to the local indigenous leadership style (and their criticism of colonialism gradually relegated to the second), effectively proved the role of individual responsibility consciousness and political wisdom of Nigeria social development. The author thinks that Achebe is a very ethical consciousness and patriotic feelings of the African writer, his literary creation refers to Nigeria's past, present and future, from the "start" arrows, his creative focus from the critique of colonialism to national responsibility of questioning, which is full of him in Nigeria the future and destiny of sorrow.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I437.074

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