明清鲁中仕宦望族与基层社会

发布时间：2017-12-28 03:23

本文关键词：明清鲁中仕宦望族与基层社会　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：明清两代,鲁中地区出现了众多的地方性乃至全国性的仕宦望族。他们大多科举起家,重视家族的文化建设和后代的培养,热衷于国家建设和地方公益事业。学术界关于仕宦望族的研究,主要集中于某一历史时期,或者对某一仕宦望族进行个案分析,而对明清时期的鲁中仕宦家族尤其是这些家族与基层社会之间的关系的研究则少之又少。本文旨在对明清时期鲁中地区代表性的仕宦望族进行梳理,分析其与基层社会之间的关系,进而从仕宦望族的贡献与文化遗产两方面对其进行历史定位。全文共四个章节:第一章,主要概述鲁中地区的地理环境和人文风貌。首先,对鲁中地区自古至今的行政区划进行梳理,对其界限进行具体界定。其次,结合鲁中地区的县志,对其山川、河湖、自然灾害情况进行总结,了解鲁中地区独特的自然情况。最后,对鲁中地区自古至今的人文情况进行梳理,了解仕宦望族诞生的文化背景。第二章,梳理明清鲁中地区的仕宦望族。明清时期鲁中地区生活着若干望族,如繁盛于明代的邹平张延登家族、长山徐以贞家族,跨越明清两朝的新城王士祯家族、章丘焦馨家族、淄川毕自严家族、益都孙廷铨家族、博山赵进美家族、临朐冯琦家族、蒙阴公鼐家族,兴之于清代的历城朱宏祚家族、宁阳黄恩彤家族,等等。这些仕宦望族虽持续时间长短不一、影响不同,但彼此之间联系紧密,存在着通婚、交游、互助等情况。通婚上,仕宦望族讲求门当户对、重视乡土联姻,并为加深两个望族之间的联系而保持世代通婚,进而结成一个庞大的婚姻网络。同时望族女性在望族发展中扮演着重要角色,因而在通婚时也会考虑到通婚双方的素质情况。交游上,一些仕宦望族在家训中对其进行了规范,望族成员也往往因通婚、同乡、同年、仕宦而交游,并通过游历、结社等形式来增长自己的文气。互助上,既包括望族成员内部的互助,也包括望族间的互助。望族之间由于是一个利益共同体,因而在政治、经济、文化等方面的互助也是不可避免的。第三章,主要综合分析了明清鲁中仕宦望族与基层社会的关系。明清鲁中仕宦望族与基层社会之间相互影响、相辅相成,仕宦望族成员利用自己的威望干预地方政权,成为了地方政府众多政策、事务的实际执行者,在基层社会发挥了不可替代的作用。正是由于仕宦望族与国家政权之间联系紧密,因而无论是在和平时期还是在战乱状态下,其价值选择都会首先站在统治阶级的立场之上,即便是面对明清易代亦是如此。仕宦望族产生于基层社会,其成员都对自己的家乡有着深厚的感情,家乡的发展变化也与他们紧密相连。他们利用自身的优势,积极地参与到地方的政治、经济、文化、军事、公益等各方面建设,为地方社会的发展与进步做出了重要贡献。第四章,在前文梳理明清鲁中仕宦望族与基层社会之间关系的基础上,对仕宦望族进行历史定位。仕宦望族对基层社会有着突出的贡献,遗留下了包括家风、家学等在内的众多文化遗产。但仕宦望族毕竟属于封建统治阶层,统治阶级与被统治阶级的矛盾不可调和,在对其进行历史定位时应进行充分考虑。综上所述,明清鲁中地区的仕宦望族数量庞大,其产生与发展深受鲁中地区独特自然与人文环境的影响。望族与基层社会之间的互动,总体上促进了地方社会的发展,对于今天的中国新农村建设和社会主义和谐社会建设具有重要的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:During the two dynasties, Shandong area appeared many families of local and national official. Most of them start with imperial examinations, attach great importance to the cultural construction of the family and the cultivation of their descendants, and are keen on the construction of the state and the cause of local public welfare. Study on the eunuch family at academic circles, mainly concentrated in a certain period of time, or looking for a family of eunuch case, while in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the official family especially the study of the relationship between these family and society is less and less. This paper aims to sort out family in Luzhong area in the Ming and Qing Dynasties representative official, to analyze the relationship between society and grassroots, and then from the two aspects of eunuch Wang contribution and cultural heritage of the historical position of the family. This paper consists of four chapters: the first chapter is mainly an overview of Shandong, the geographical environment and the humanities style. First of all, to sort out the administrative divisions in the area since ancient times, the boundaries are specifically defined. Secondly, combined with the Shandong area of the county, mountains, rivers and lakes, natural disasters are summarized, the unique natural conditions in understanding. Finally, to sort out the situation in the humanities since ancient times, understand the eunuch group at the birth of the cultural background. The second chapter combs the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the official family. A number of families living in areas such as the Ming and Qing Dynasties, flourished in the Ming Dynasty in Zouping Changshan Zhang Yandeng family, Xu Yizhen family, spanning two dynasties of Ming and Qing town, Zhangqiu Jiao Xin Wang Shizhen family family, Zichuan Yidu Bi Ziyan family, Sun Tingquan family, Zhao Jinmei family of Boshan, Linqu, Mengyin, the Feng Qi family GONGDING family, Xing Licheng in Qing Dynasty the Zhu Hongzuo family and the Huang Entong family of Ningyang, etc.. The eunuch Wang family although the length and duration of effect, but there are close connections between each other, mutual friends, intermarriage, etc.. Marriage, family stress Mendanghudui, pay attention to local official marriage, and to deepen ties between the two families keep generations of intermarriage, and formed a huge network of marriage. At the same time, families of women in the family development plays an important role in marriage will also consider the situation of the parties to marriage quality. Friends, some eunuch family in the family at the standard, often due to intermarriage, family members, the same year, officials and fellow friends, and through travel, and other forms of association to increase their knowledge. Mutual aid, including family members of internal cooperation, including cooperation between families. Because the family is a community of interests, and in the political, economic and cultural aspects of the cooperation is inevitable. The third chapter mainly analysis the relationship between the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the eunuch Wang family and society. Between the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the official family and grass-roots social interaction, complement each other, eunuch family members at their local government intervention by prestige, has become the actual implementation of local government policies, many affairs, played an irreplaceable role in the grass-roots society. It is because the relationship between family and state officials closely, so whether in peacetime or in the state of war, its value will be the first choice to stand on the position of the ruling class, even in the face of the Ming and Qing Dynasties is also true. The official family in rural society, its members have deep feelings for his hometown, the development and changes in the home is closely connected with them. They take advantage of their own advantages to actively participate in the construction of local politics, economy, culture, military affairs and public welfare, and have made important contributions to the development and progress of local society. The fourth chapter, based on the relationship between the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the official family above combing and grassroots society, the eunuch Wang family's position in history. Eunuch Wang family has a prominent contribution to society, has left many cultural relics including tradition, family, etc.. But the eunuch Wang family after all belongs to the feudal ruling class, the contradiction between the ruling class and the ruled class irreconcilable, in the historical position should be fully considered. To sum up, in the family area of the Ming and Qing Dynasties official huge number, its influence and development deeply in the unique natural and humanistic environment. The interaction between family and society, promote the overall development of local society, has important significance for today's Chinese new rural construction and the construction of socialist harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248

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