有稿日中同传中倒译的使用

发布时间：2017-12-28 11:26

本文关键词：有稿日中同传中倒译的使用　出处：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：口译的历史应该与人类的历史几乎同样久远。使用不同语言的国家和民族之间为了彼此沟通、加深相互理解,口译应运而生,并且发挥了巨大的作用。同声传译作为口译的一种形式,在国际会议等场合也发挥着不可替代的作用。从形态上来看,同声传译大致可以分为无稿同传和有稿同传两种形式。进行同声传译时,原则上是采用顺译的方式。但由于中日两种语言在语法结构上有着较大的差异,两种语言的表现形式、语言习惯等也不尽相同,所以在进行日中同声传译时,常常无法采用顺译的方式。这种情况下,就需要采用与顺译相反的一种技巧,也就是倒译。本论文将研究重点放在了有稿日中同传的倒译上。根据先行研究的调查结果,在笔译中有关倒译的研究很多,但是在口译上倒译还没有得到充分的研究。因此,本论文的目的在于研究有稿日中同传中倒译的使用方式及其特征。本论文采用材料分析的研究方法。最适合有稿同传的无疑是演讲,因此笔者选择了福田康夫首相在北京大学的演讲等三个演讲,作为本次的分析材料。基于笔译及口译中有关倒译的先行研究,笔者将有稿日中同传中的倒译分为"语法性倒译"、"习惯性倒译"及"修辞性倒译"这三个种类。"语法性倒译"是由于中日两种语言语法结构不同而产生的倒译。中日两种语言虽然都使用汉字,但是分属不同的语法结构,语法规则也有较大的差异,因此在进行翻译时就时常需要按照译出语的语法规则调节语序。在本次的材料分析中,绝大部分的倒译都属于"语法性倒译",因此作者又将其细分为"谓语与宾语的倒译"、"接续表现的倒译"、"格助词与复合格助词的倒译"及"其他"这四个种类。中日两种语言除了语法之外,在惯用表现上也存在着许多差异。在进行日翻中时,不进行倒译虽然在语法上没有什么问题,但由于不符合中文的惯用表现,有时也需要对语序进行调整,这就是"习惯性倒译"。"习惯性倒译"也可以说是一种非常重要的倒译技巧。此外,语法和习惯上并没有调整语序的需要,但是为了提高语言的表现力和艺术性,追求译文的语言美感,有时也会对语序进行调整,这就是"修辞性倒译"。本论文计算了各倒译技巧的使用次数及比例,并制作成统计表的形式。通过统计表,得到了整体的倾向。结论如下:①"语法性倒译"的数量占据绝对优势,占到了整体的94.34%。通过本次的材料分析和统计,我们可以明确地看出,由于中日两种语言在语法结构上的差异,使用"语法性倒译"是不可或缺、也是避免不了的。②在"语法性倒译"中,"谓语和宾语的倒译"数量最多,占到了整体的56.09%。从这个数据我们可以看出,中文的SVO结构与日语的SOV结构的差异,是两种语言在语法上最大、最典型的差异。③在"语法性倒译"中,"其他"占相当大的比重。中文与日语在语法结构上有着根本性的区别,两种语言都有着各自的特性,因此有很多情况下两种语言并不能平行对应。从材料分析和数据来看,我们也能够感到两种语言在语法结构上差异巨大。④"习惯性倒译"的比例达到了 5.38%,是一种非常重要的倒译技巧。中日两种语言的惯用表现有着很大的差别,在口译时除了注重语法之外,还要遵循译出语的习惯进行翻译。⑤"修辞性倒译"的数量非常少。在笔译相关的先行研究中,"修辞性倒译"常常被当作一种代表性的倒译技巧进行介绍,但在本次的材料分析中,"修辞性倒译"的数量非常少,一共只有2例。笔译和口译都是从原语向目标语言进行转换的一种行动,因而分类的方法也可以说是大致相同。但是从这个数据中我们可以得知,与追求艺术性的笔译相比,对有着严格时间限制的口译来说,最重要的还是语言的流畅度和准确性,艺术性和语言美感只能位居其次。本论文在结构和内容上,还有着许多不足之处。首先,由于很难得到日中同传现场的录音,本论文的3个材料中除了福田康夫首相在北京大学的演讲外,其余的2个材料都是选自口译教材。今后在进行研究时,在材料的获取上还需要更好的办法。其次,本论文虽然对"语法性倒译"进行了细分,但是由于分类较为困难,所以出现了"其他"这一种类,需要一种更为有效、严密的分类方法。此外,除了有稿日中同传中的倒译之外,对无稿同传的研究及无稿同传与有稿同传的比较研究也是很有价值的课题。笔者今后也将对这些课题进行研究。
[Abstract]:The history of interpretation should be almost as long as the history of human beings. In order to communicate and deepen mutual understanding between countries and nations using different languages, interpretation has emerged as the times require and played a great role. Simultaneous interpretation, as a form of interpretation, plays an irreplaceable role in international conferences and other occasions. From the morphological point of view, simultaneous interpretation can be divided into non simultaneous release and sight interpreting two forms. In simultaneous interpretation, it is in principle to use cis - translation. However, due to the great differences in the grammatical structure between the two languages, the expressions and habits of the two languages are not the same. In this case, it is necessary to adopt a technique that is opposite to the cis - translation, that is, reverse translation. This paper will focus on the release date of the inverted translation on si. According to the results of the first study, there are a lot of studies on translation in translation, but the reverse translation of interpretation has not been fully studied. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study a day in the fall release of Si use and its characteristics. The research method of material analysis is adopted in this paper. The most suitable for the simultaneous release is undoubtedly the speech, so I chose the prime minister Yasuo Fukuda's speech at the Peking University on three speech, this time as the analysis materials. The first research on the inverted translation translation and interpretation based on the author will release in Japan in Si inverted translation into "grammatical inverted translation" and "habitual inverted translation" and "rhetorical inverted translation" of the three species. "Grammatical translation" is a reverse translation due to the differences in the grammatical structure of the two languages between China and Japan. Although the two languages in China and Japan both use Chinese characters, they belong to different grammatical structures and have different grammatical rules. Therefore, when translating, they often need to adjust their word order according to their grammatical rules. In this material analysis, most of the reverse translation belong to "grammatical reverse translation". Therefore, the author subdivides it into four categories: "reverse translation of predicate and object", "reverse translation of consecutive performance", "reverse translation of auxiliary words and compound auxiliary words" and "others". In addition to grammar, the two languages of China and Japan have many differences in their idiomatic expressions. Although there is no problem in translation, though there is no problem in grammar, but sometimes it is not consistent with the idiomatic expression of Chinese, sometimes it is necessary to adjust word order, which is "habitual reverse translation". "Customary translation" can also be said to be a very important translation technique. In addition, grammar and habits do not need to adjust word order, but in order to improve the expressive power and artistry of language, the pursuit of the aesthetic sense of the target language sometimes adjusts the word order, which is the rhetorical reverse translation. This paper calculates the number of use and proportion of the translation techniques, and makes the form of the statistical table. The overall tendency is obtained through the statistical table. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the number of "grammatical translation" occupies an absolute advantage, accounting for 94.34% of the whole. Through the material analysis and statistics, we can see clearly that due to the differences in grammatical structure between Chinese and Japanese, the use of grammatical reverse translation is indispensable and unavoidable. In the "grammatical translation", the number of "predicate and object translation" is the most, accounting for 56.09% of the whole. From this data, we can see that the difference between the Chinese SVO structure and the Japanese SOV structure is the most grammatical and typical difference between the two languages. (3) in "grammatical translation", "other" accounts for a considerable proportion. There are fundamental differences between Chinese and Japanese in terms of grammatical structure. Two languages have their own characteristics, so in many cases, two languages can not be paralleled. From the perspective of material analysis and data, we can also feel that the grammatical structure of the two languages is very different. (4) the proportion of "customary translation" has reached 5.38%, which is a very important translation technique. The idiomatic expressions of the two languages in China and Japan are very different. In addition to the grammar, the translation should be followed by the habit of translating the language. (5) the number of "rhetorical back translation" is very small. Rhetorical reverse translation is often introduced as a representative translation technique in the related research of translation, but in this material analysis, the number of rhetorical reverse translation is very few, a total of 2 cases. Both translation and interpretation are a kind of action from the original language to the target language, so the method of classification can also be said to be roughly the same. But from this data, we can see that compared with the pursuit of artistic translation, the most important thing is the fluency and accuracy of language in the interpretation with strict time constraints, and the aesthetic sense of art and language can only take the second place. In this paper, there are many shortcomings in the structure and content. First of all, because it is very difficult to date in interpreting the live recording of the 3 materials, the addition of prime minister Yasuo Fukuda's speech at the Peking University, the rest of the 2 materials are selected from interpreting textbooks. In the future research, there is still a better way to get the material. Secondly, though the subdivision of grammatical inversion has been broken down in this thesis, because of the difficulty of classification, there is "other" category, which requires a more effective and rigorous classification method. In addition, in addition to inverted translation in Japanese simultaneous release, is also very valuable for comparative study of simultaneous and non simultaneous release release and release the topic of si. The author will also study these topics in the future.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H36

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