敦煌莫高窟壁画中的箜篌图像解析

发布时间：2017-12-28 12:28

本文关键词：敦煌莫高窟壁画中的箜篌图像解析　出处：《西安音乐学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：敦煌莫高窟壁画是现存最大的佛教石窟壁画,其历史悠久,内容丰富,具有极高的艺术价值。几千年来壁画内容保存比较完整,其内容涵盖了音乐、舞蹈、雕塑、绘画等各个领域,体现了当时人们对于佛教的崇拜与信仰。在莫高窟壁画中保存了大量的乐器图像资料,其种类丰富,数量繁多,既有中原固有的乐器,也有来自西域的胡乐器。这些图像见证了西域与中原地区的音乐文化交流,也为乐器研究提供了珍贵的图像史料。箜篌是莫高窟壁画当中常见的弹拨类乐器之一,其图像最早见于莫高窟北凉时期的第275窟,南北朝时期图像逐渐增多;隋唐时期图像数量最多,为其发展的鼎盛阶段;五代西夏时期图像数量减少,逐渐走向衰落;到元代仅剩一幅。壁画中出现的箜篌一般绘制在洞窟四壁、人字披、窟顶覆斗、龛楣周围和藻井四周等位置,所绘种类以竖箜篌和凤首箜篌为主。自北凉洞窟出现箜篌图像之后,箜篌的形制在不同时期有着不同的变化,从南北朝时期的小箜篌到隋唐时期小箜篌与大箜篌的并存,说明箜篌的形制在逐渐发展和创新。弹奏箜篌的乐伎分为箜篌伎乐人和箜篌伎乐天两种,箜篌伎乐人包括供养人乐伎、出行图乐伎和宴饮图乐伎;箜篌伎乐天则包括天宫乐伎、飞天乐伎、药叉乐伎和经变画乐伎。壁画中箜篌伎乐人的性别特征以男性居多,女性箜篌伎乐人较为少见,箜篌伎乐天的性别特征可分为完全男性化、男身女相和完全女性化三个演变阶段。箜篌乐伎的服饰早期简单质朴,颜色单一,发展到隋唐至五代时期,其服饰变得色彩亮丽,雍容华贵,珠宝佩饰也十分华丽。壁画中箜篌乐伎的持琴方式分为三种:站持、坐持和飞天空中持琴弹奏,置琴位置主要为夹于臂下和置于地面两种。在壁画中还有一种特殊的艺术演奏方式为“不鼓自鸣”,即乐器飘扬在空中,仿佛演奏着美妙的音乐。箜篌图像的画面铺排方式及所在乐队的乐器组合形式,都与箜篌的乐器地位息息相关,同时也与当时的音乐生活有着密切的联系。
[Abstract]:The Mogao Grottoes murals in Dunhuang are the largest extant Buddhist grottoes murals, with a long history, rich content and high artistic value. For thousands of years, the preservation of frescoes is relatively complete, covering music, dance, sculpture, painting and other fields, reflecting the worship and belief of Buddhism at that time. In the Mogao Grottoes murals, a large number of musical instruments have been preserved. They are rich in variety, with a wide variety of instruments, both inherent in the Central Plains, and also from the western regions. These images have witnessed the exchange of music and culture between the western and Central Plains, and also provide valuable historical data for the study of musical instruments. This is the Mogao Grottoes murals of the common plucked instruments, the image was first seen in Mogao Grottoes during the cold north cave 275th, northern and Southern Dynasties of Sui and Tang Dynasties image gradually increased; the largest number of images, for the prosperous stage; the five generation of Xixia period to reduce the number of images, the decline in Yuan Dynasty; only a picture. The mural appeared in the harp in the general drawing cave walls, herringbone, cave top cover and around the caisson bucket, niche lintel around the location, painted type vertical harp and phoenix head harp. Since the north cold caves appear harp images, this form is different in different periods, from the southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties little harp and Harp coexist small harp, harp that forms in the gradual development and innovation. Play the harp harp Yueji divided into Jiyue and Lotte two Kabuki harp, harp musicians including support Le Ji, travel map and map feast Le Ji Le Ji Ji Temple including Lotte harp; Le Ji, flying Le Ji, Yaocha Yue Ji and Sutra painting Le ji. The gender characteristics of musicians in the murals of mostly male, female harp musicians are rare, gender characteristics can be divided into Kabuki harp Lotte completely masculine, male female and female complete three stages of evolution. This early Yueji clothing simple, single color, development to the Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, the dress becomes bright colors, elegant, jewelry accessories is also very gorgeous. In the murals of Yue Ji Qin to harp is divided into three types: to sit, to hold air and flying piano playing, the piano is clamped under the arm position and ground two. There is a special kind of art style of playing "drums ringing" in the mural, the instrument flying in the air, as if playing beautiful music. This image arrangement and band instrument combination form, and is closely related to this instrument status, also with the music of life are closely linked.
【学位授予单位】：西安音乐学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K879.41

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