自19世纪以来美国文学中的中国人形象变化

发布时间：2018-01-14 07:43

本文关键词：自19世纪以来美国文学中的中国人形象变化　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国作为一个有着悠久历史的文明古国,其文化、风俗、以及人民的特性一直吸引着西方国家的关注。早在13世纪,马可波罗就在《东方见闻录》中记载了他到中国的所见所闻,但是其描述的夸大已经与实情不符,并且毫无史观,这使得中国在西方世界成为了一种神奇的象征。在美国的主流文学中,中国人形象是构建在马可波罗的模式之上的,并且以19世纪进入美国的华人形象作为文学中的最初原型。这种原型在美国文学中随着时间的变化也产生了质的变化。从19世纪末期到21世纪,中国人形象发生了很大变化。尽管这个变化是跌宕起伏的,但总体趋势是由负面向正面转变,由歧视到接受的转变,由误解到理解的转变。本文共分为六个部分:引言部分首先简要分析了形象,中国形象以及中国人形象。其次列举了西方文学史上一些有关中国人形象的传说并且给出了相关文献综述,最后分析了研究自十九世纪以来美国文学中的中国人形象的意义。第二部分分析19世纪美国文学作品中的中国人形象,主要从两个方面进行论述。19世纪初,由于古老中国文明及文化的影响,以拉尔夫.沃尔多.爱默生为主的一些美国超验主义学家对中国人持有的较友好的态度;然而19世纪末期,随着到美国的中国劳工增多,以美国作家布勒特.哈特为例的对中国人持有的厌恶、歧视、误解的态度。第三部分分析了二十世纪美国文学中的中国人形象。首先,二十世纪初的傅满楚是一种具有危险性的他者形象;其次,三十年代,赛珍珠呈现了在中国这样一个落后的农业社会具有传统美德的中国农民形象;再次,谭恩美给出了具有冲突性的中国人形象,有的独立自信,有的迷信贪婪;最后,严歌苓缓慢地将最生动,最丰富多彩的中国人形象展现给美国。第四部分主要通过彼得海斯勒的《中国三部曲》中的《江城》概述了二十一纪美国人眼中的中国人形象。海斯勒带着赞赏之情描绘了大量的中国普通百姓,较客观的展现了当代中国。这意味着二十一世纪的中国人形象被美国人更多的理解和接纳了,渐渐融入到美国文学中。第五部分主要分析了自十九世纪以来美国文学中的中国人形象变化的原因,主要从中美关系、美国内部政策、中美作家的贡献以及中国改革开放政策的影响等几个方面去分析。结语部分再次概述了美国文学中中国人形象发展的过程,从古老的神秘美好到奸滑,狡诈,愚蠢,邪恶,再到完善、丰富、客观,以及这一变化的原因。
[Abstract]:As an ancient civilization with a long history, China's culture, customs, and characteristics of its people have been attracting the attention of Western countries. As early as 13th century. Marco Polo recorded what he had seen and heard in Eastern China, but the exaggeration of his description was out of line with the facts and had no historical outlook. This makes China a magical symbol in the Western world. In the mainstream American literature, the image of the Chinese is built on the model of Marco Polo. It takes the Chinese image that entered the United States in 19th century as the original prototype of literature. This archetype changes qualitatively over time in American literature from the end of 19th century to 21th century. Great changes have taken place in the image of the Chinese people. Although this change has been ups and downs, the overall trend is from negative to positive, from discrimination to acceptance. This paper is divided into six parts: the introduction first briefly analyzes the image. Secondly, it enumerates some legends about Chinese images in the history of western literature and gives a summary of relevant literature. Finally, the significance of the study of Chinese images in American literature since 19th century is analyzed. The second part analyzes the Chinese images in American literature on 19th century. Mainly from two aspects to discuss the beginning of the 19th century, due to the impact of ancient Chinese civilization and culture. Some American transcendentalists, mainly Ralph Waldo Emerson, hold a more friendly attitude towards the Chinese; In the end of 19th century, however, with more Chinese workers coming to the United States, the American writer Brent Hart, for example, discriminated against the Chinese. The third part analyzes the Chinese image in American literature in 20th century. Firstly, Fu Manchu in 20th century is a dangerous other image. Secondly, in 30s, Pearl Buck presented the image of Chinese farmers with traditional virtues in a backward agricultural society like China. Thirdly, Tan Enmei gives a conflicting image of Chinese, some independent and confident, some superstitious greed; Finally, Yan Geling will be the most vivid slowly. The most colorful image of the Chinese is presented to the United states. 4th is a summary of the image of the Chinese in the eyes of the 21-century Americans, mainly through Peter Hessler's "china trilogy", which is praised by Heisler. The sentiment depicts a large number of ordinary Chinese. A more objective display of contemporary China. This means that the Chinese image in 21th century has been more understood and accepted by Americans. Part 5th mainly analyzes the reasons for the change of Chinese image in American literature since 19th century, mainly from the relationship between China and the United States, the internal policy of the United States. The contributions of Chinese and American writers and the influence of China's reform and opening up policy are analyzed. The conclusion again outlines the process of the development of Chinese image in American literature, from ancient mysterious beauty to cunning and cunning. Folly, evil, perfection, richness, objectivity, and the cause of this change.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.06

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