汉语“本”的语义与语法发展及关系

发布时间：2018-02-01 05:01

本文关键词： 本语义语法发展　出处：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“本”是现代汉语高频词。共时看,它有名词、量词、指示代词、副词、介词;语义上也很多样,有实有虚。本文基于认知功能语法及语法化等,共历时并重拟对此几种用法及其语义的发展、演变及其之间的关系进行讨论。全文的内容由如下六个部分构成:绪论。对“本”及与之相关的量词、指示代词、介词、副词的研究现状进行述评,考究其得失。介绍了本选题意义和价值以及本文的语料来源,研究所采取的理论方法及思路。同时也对文中的符号等做出说明。第一章量词“本”的产生。通过认知隐喻理论,分析了称量草本植物与称量书籍的量词“本”的来源。称量草本植物的“本”成熟期是明清,现代汉语已经几乎没有这种用法了。称量书籍用法的“本”是魏晋南北朝时期产生的,宋明时期完成泛化,在现代汉语中使用率很高。第二章指示代词“本”的产生。分别从“本+具体名词”和“本+抽象名词”进行分析探讨,历时考察并描写它是如何由名词发展而来的。“本+具体名词”这一用法在战国萌芽,两汉时期增多,隋唐时期是其繁荣时期;“本+抽象名词”最初兴起于唐朝时期,明清之际得到迅速发展,如今也广泛使用。第三章动词与介词“本”的产生。它是由名词“根本、根源”的内涵义发展为动词的,以及词类活用也是演变的依据之一,包括句法环境、语义变化及其原因。它是在连谓结构里通过分布扩展成为偏正结构和语义虚化形成的,同时也对“本着”的发展演变做了相应的考察。第四章副词“本”的形成。考察了副词“本”的由来、句法环境、语义特征及其机制;同时也对以“本”为词内成分的复合副词“本来”的形成及其发展做出考察。第五章结论。对本文的内容作出简要概括的总结,包括作为名词、量词、指示代词、副词、介词与动词的“本”之间衍生关系、语法环境及语法机制。同时,也对文章的不足简要地做出说明。
[Abstract]:"Ben" is a high-frequency word in modern Chinese. It has nouns, classifiers, demonstrative pronouns, adverbs and prepositions. On the basis of cognitive functional grammar and grammaticalization, this paper intends to develop these usage and semantics in a diachronic way. The content of this paper is composed of the following six parts: introduction. Review the current situation of the study of "Ben" and its related quantifiers, demonstrative pronouns, prepositions and adverbs. The significance and value of this topic and the source of the corpus are introduced. The theoretical methods and ideas adopted by the study. At the same time, it also explains the symbols in the text. The first chapter is the generation of the quantifier "Ben", which is based on the cognitive metaphor theory. This paper analyzes the source of the quantifier "Ben" of weighing herbs and weighing books. The mature period of weighing herbaceous plants is Ming and Qing dynasties. There is almost no such usage in modern Chinese. The "Ben" of weighing books was produced during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, and Song Ming completed the generalization. In modern Chinese, the usage rate is very high. The second chapter is the production of the demonstrative pronoun "Ben". It is analyzed from "this concrete noun" and "this abstract noun". Diachronic investigation and description of how it came from the development of nouns. The use of "this concrete noun" sprout in the warring States period, increased during the Han Dynasty, the Sui and Tang dynasties is its prosperous period; "this abstract noun" originated in the Tang Dynasty, developed rapidly in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and is now widely used. The third chapter is the origin of the verb and preposition "Ben". It is the root of the noun. The meaning of "root" develops into verb, and part of speech is also one of the bases of evolution, including syntactic environment. Semantic change and its causes. It is formed by the extension of distribution into the positive structure and semantic nihilization in the continuous predicate structure. At the same time, it also makes a corresponding investigation on the development and evolution of "spirit". The formation of the adverb "Ben" in Chapter 4th. The origin, syntactic environment, semantic features and its mechanism of the adverb "Ben"; At the same time, the formation and development of the compound adverb "original" with "Ben" as its internal component is also investigated. The conclusion of chapter 5th is a brief summary of the content of this paper, including as a noun, classifier. The derivation relationship between demonstrative pronouns, adverbs, prepositions and verbs, grammatical environment and grammatical mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H14

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