西塞罗道德义务思想研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 01:40

本文关键词： 道德义务伦理自然法义利　出处：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：西塞罗道德义务思想的底蕴是以理性和善为本的自然法思想,他所定义的道德义务,是公民在社会生活中的行为应当符合自己所倡导的道德标准,这个标准绝不是以对自身有利为前提,而是以善的、合宜的、正确的道德行为作为依据,把道德准则当作行为指南。西塞罗注重道德伦理的实践,他把道德之善细化为若干美德和规则,希望人们通过追求和遵循美德来实现人性上的善。西塞罗对古希腊的哲学文化进行辩证思考,在创立和发展拉丁哲学的进程中,强调履行道德义务的重要性。他认为道德义务的出发点就是道德之善,只有把符合理性自然的行为和道德结合起来才能了解道德义务的实质。在西塞罗看来,义利从来不是分开来讲的,人们在道德上正确才能获得真正的利,而道德的不正确、不高尚绝对不可能是有利的,伦理道德和利益问题的一体性是自然发展的普遍真理,追求真正的“义”是人的最高价值目标,两者根本不会产生冲突。本文从多角度对西塞罗道德义务思想进行分析,阐述其思想中德性的表现和实质,进一步探讨公民个体所要遵循的道德义务以及如何正确的看待义利关系。通过对西塞罗道德义务思想的研究,不仅能深化我们对古罗马时期道德义务和准则的认识,而且又给当代人以启示,进一步丰富和完善构建和谐社会的相关理论。
[Abstract]:The essence of Cicero's thought of moral obligation is the natural law thought based on reason and goodness. The moral obligation defined by Cicero is that the behavior of citizen in social life should conform to the moral standard advocated by himself. This standard is not based on self-interest, but on good, appropriate, and correct moral behavior, using moral norms as a guide to conduct. Cicero's practice of moral ethics, He refined the goodness of morality into a number of virtues and rules, hoping that people would realize the goodness of human nature by pursuing and following virtue. Cicero thought dialectically about the philosophical culture of ancient Greece, and in the course of the creation and development of Latin philosophy, Emphasizing the importance of fulfilling moral obligations. He believes that the starting point of moral obligation is moral goodness, and that the essence of moral obligation can only be understood by combining rational and natural actions with morality. In Cicero's view, Righteousness and interest have never been separated from each other. Only when people are morally correct can they obtain real benefits. However, moral incorrectness and imnobility can never be beneficial. The unity of ethical, moral, and interest issues is the universal truth of natural development. The pursuit of true "righteousness" is the highest goal of human value, and there is no conflict between the two. This paper analyzes Cicero's moral obligation from many angles, and expounds the expression and essence of virtue in his thought. By studying Cicero's thought of moral obligation, we can not only deepen our understanding of moral obligations and norms in ancient Rome, but also discuss the moral obligations of individual citizens and how to treat the relationship between righteousness and interest correctly. It also enlightens contemporary people and further enriches and consummates the relevant theories of constructing harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-0

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