《德意志意识形态》费尔巴哈章“现实的个人”意蕴探析

发布时间：2018-03-22 03:37

本文选题：《德意志意识形态》　切入点：马克思　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：哲学问题的研究旨在"认识你自己",如何以历史的眼光客观、辩证的认识自身,这是所有哲学问题研究的关键。作为唯物史观的前提和出发点,《德意志意识形态》(以下简称《形态》)中"现实的个人"的提出,不仅是马克思对以往有关人的各种思想研究的清算,更是以日趋成熟的理论体系,用唯物辩证法的历史眼光对人客观、全面的论述和认识。《形态》作为马克思唯物史观形成的标志,其"现实的个人"人学思想可以说是贯穿整个唯物史观的核心,马克思对所有哲学问题的论述,也都始终未曾离开对人的生存境遇、人的现实解放的深切关注。本文通过整理分析国内外学者对马克人学思的研究,针对国内学者目前研究的不足和理论分歧,对《形态》的费尔巴哈章中"现实的个人"的形成过程、具体内涵、发展阶段进行了深入、全面的探析。本文主要由三部分组成:第一部分论述了黑格尔、费尔巴哈对人的抽象诠释以及在此影响的基础上马克思早期人学理论的发展过程。黑格尔眼中的人是精神自由的理性人,费尔巴哈眼中的人是具有"类"本质的自然人,在受他们的理论影响的基础上,《形态》之前马克思的人学思想经历了一个逐步发展、成熟、全面的认识过程。第二部分是对"现实的个人"内涵的详细阐释。经历了理论创作的日趋成熟和社会实践的深入,马克思所论述的"现实的个人"是处于社会历史现实中,通过分工形成一定的社会关系、在生产实践中确立自己的本质规定、以需求的满足作为实现自身的内在动力的个人。第三部分论述了"现实的个人"的历史生成与发展的不同阶段。"现实的个人""不是停留在某一历史阶段静止的个人形态,而是动态生成、变化发展的。在"人的依赖关系"阶段,"现实的个人"作为自然的个人而存在;在"物的依赖关系"阶段,"现实的个人"发生异化,主要以"偶然的个人"形态而存在;在每个人自由全面发展的阶段,"现实的个人"以"有个性的个人"形态而存在。从这三个发展阶段的论述,我们可以看出马克思对人永不止步的探索和崇高的人道主义情怀。
[Abstract]:The study of philosophical problems aims at "knowing yourself", how to understand yourself objectively and dialectically from a historical perspective, This is the key to the study of all philosophical issues. As the premise and starting point of historical materialism, the "realistic individual" in "German ideology" (hereinafter referred to as "form") was put forward. It is not only a liquidation of Marx's previous studies of human thoughts, but also an objective view of human beings with the increasingly mature theoretical system and the historical perspective of materialist dialectics. As the symbol of the formation of Marx's historical materialism, its "realistic personal" humanism thought can be said to be the core of the whole historical materialism, and Marx's exposition on all philosophical issues, This paper, through sorting out and analyzing the research on Mark's anthropology at home and abroad, aims at the deficiencies and theoretical differences of domestic scholars' current research on the situation of human existence and the liberation of human beings. The forming process, the concrete connotation and the developing stage of "realistic individual" in Feuerbach chapter of "form" are analyzed in depth and comprehensively. This paper mainly consists of three parts: the first part discusses Hegel, Feuerbach's abstract interpretation of human beings and the development process of Marx's early theory of human beings on the basis of this influence: in Hegel's eyes, man is a rational man of spiritual freedom, and in Feuerbach's eyes, man is a natural person with the nature of "class". On the basis of the influence of their theory, Marx's humanology thought had experienced a gradual development and maturity before "Morphology". The second part is the detailed explanation of the connotation of "realistic individual". After experiencing the maturation of theoretical creation and the deepening of social practice, the "realistic individual" discussed by Marx is in the social and historical reality. Through the division of labor to form certain social relations, in production practice to establish their own essential provisions, The third part discusses the different stages of historical generation and development of "realistic individual". "realistic individual" is not a static individual form at a certain historical stage. In the stage of "human dependence", "realistic individual" exists as natural individual, in "material dependence" stage, "realistic individual" dissimilates. It mainly exists in the form of "accidental individual"; in the stage of free and all-round development of each person, the "realistic individual" exists in the form of "individual with personality". We can see Marx's unceasing exploration of human beings and noble humanitarian feelings.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B038

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