奖赏对情绪信息注意瞬脱影响的发展研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 18:38

本文选题：情绪信息 + 注意瞬脱　；参考：《天津师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：注意瞬脱(AttentionalBlink,AB)是一种功能盲现象,主要用于探讨注意在时间维度上的加工规律。研究者主要运用快速序列视觉呈现(Rapid SerialVisual Presentation,RSVP)范式来探讨注意瞬脱现象,当快速呈现一系列视觉刺激时,在被试正确报告首个靶目标(T1)的情况下,对短时间内(200ms-500ms)呈现的第二个靶目标(T2)报告的正确率显著降低。大量研究表明,注意瞬脱现象产生的原因非常复杂,其表现受到情绪、动机等非认知因素的影响。具体表现为:第一,与不具有情绪含义的刺激相比,具有情绪色彩的刺激更能吸引注意或占用更多的注意资源。第二,奖赏也能够影响个体的注意加工,使得个体倾向于对高奖赏的刺激产生优先反应。以往的研究都是单独地探讨情绪或者奖赏对注意瞬脱的影响,鲜有研究同时探讨两者对注意瞬脱的影响。因此,在本研究中将探讨奖赏对情绪信息注意瞬脱的影响作用。本研究的目的是从发展的角度探讨奖赏对情绪信息注意瞬脱的调节作用。两个研究均采用单任务RSVP范式,在快速呈现的刺激流中,采用选自国际情绪图库的正性、中性、负性人物图片为关键干扰刺激,要求被试排除情绪图片的干扰正确识别目标刺激。实验一以小学三、四、五年级学生为被试,探讨了情绪信息注意瞬脱的发展特点。实验二以小学三年级学生为被试,探讨了不同奖赏水平的刺激对情绪性注意瞬脱的影响。结果发现:(1)不同情绪干扰刺激下目标刺激的正确率存在差异,负性干扰刺激下目标刺激的正确率显著低于中性和正性干扰刺激,这说明时间进程上的注意加工存在负性偏向。(2)不同年级下目标刺激的正确率存在差异,小学三年级的正确率显著低于小学五年级,而小学四年级的正确率与三年级和五年级没有差异,这说明小学三年级到五年级阶段可能是注意瞬脱发展的关键期。(3)不同奖赏水平下的情绪信息注意瞬脱存在差异,负性干扰刺激下高奖赏目标刺激的正确率显著高于无奖赏目标刺激的正确率,这说明奖赏能够削弱负性刺激的干扰效应。整个研究表明,在单任务的RSVP范式中,负性情绪刺激能够加剧注意瞬脱的程度,儿童中晚期是注意瞬脱发展的关键期,奖赏能够削弱负性情绪诱发的注意瞬脱。
[Abstract]:Attentional BlinkABs is a kind of functional blindness, which is mainly used to study the processing law of attention in time dimension.The researchers mainly used the rapid SerialVisual presentation (RSVP) paradigm to explore the phenomenon of attention transients. When a series of visual stimuli were rapidly presented, the subjects reported the first target T1 correctly.The accuracy of the report on the second target T2 presented by 200ms-500 Ms in a short period of time was significantly reduced.A large number of studies have shown that the causes of attention transient phenomenon are very complex and its performance is influenced by non-cognitive factors such as emotion motivation and so on.Firstly, compared with the stimulation without emotional meaning, the stimulus with emotional color can attract more attention or occupy more attention resources.Second, reward can also influence the individual's attention processing, which makes the individual tend to give priority to the stimulation of high reward.Previous studies have explored the effects of emotion or reward on attention transients alone, and few studies have explored the effects of both on attention transients at the same time.Therefore, in this study, we will explore the effect of reward on the instant of emotional information attention.The aim of this study was to explore the regulatory effect of reward on the transient attention of emotional information from the perspective of development.Both of the two studies adopted the single task RSVP paradigm. In the fast presenting stimulus stream, the positive, neutral and negative images selected from the international emotional map library were used as the key interfering stimuli.Subjects were asked to correctly identify target stimuli without the interference of emotional images.In experiment one, the development characteristics of emotional information attention transient were discussed among the students of grade three, four and five in primary school.In the second experiment, the effects of different reward levels on emotional attention transient were investigated among the third grade primary school students.The results showed that there were differences in the correct rate of target stimulation under different emotional interference stimuli, and the correct rate of target stimulation under negative interference stimulation was significantly lower than that of neutral and positive interference stimulation.This indicates that there is a negative bias in the process of attention processing in time course. (2) there are differences in the correct rate of target stimulation in different grades, and the correct rate of the third grade is significantly lower than that of the fifth grade.However, there is no difference between grade 4 and grade 3 and grade 5, which indicates that the key period of attention transient development is from grade 3 to grade 5) there are differences in instant attention of emotional information under different reward levels.The correct rate of high reward target stimulus under negative interference stimulation is significantly higher than that of non reward target stimulation, which indicates that reward can weaken the interference effect of negative stimulus.The whole study shows that in the single-task RSVP paradigm, negative emotional stimulation can increase the degree of attention transient, and the middle and late stage of children is the key period for the development of attention transient, and the reward can weaken the attention transient induced by negative emotion.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】