《中庸》的理想人格学说

发布时间：2018-04-22 09:31

本文选题：人格 + 中庸　；参考：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：《中庸》的探讨对象与人类的生存问题息息相关,旨在开辟出一条实现至高至善的理想人格的道路。道德之性的涵养和道德行为的实践是理想人格养成的重要内容。本文将从道德哲学的研究角度出发,归纳《中庸》所推崇的理想人格,梳理其理想人格养成的过程。"天命之谓性",通过对《中庸》中天命思想和天人关系的剖析,构建起其成人之道的起点,从而对理想人格实践的可能性有更充分的认识。"率性之谓道",《中庸》理想人格的养成首先是一个自为的过程,中庸之道主要表现在"由中而和、由诚而中"两个层面;以"中和""中庸"作为《中庸》理想人格的行为规范的内在衡量标准,通过阐述"中"、"和"之间的体用关系,论证实现二者之间的贯通的可能性,即在于"诚"。"诚"是一个具有终极实体意义的概念,通过"诚"、"明"之间的关系的阐述,论述慎独工夫的重要性。整个道德工夫的实践便是以诚致中、以中而合的关键。"修道之谓教",理想人格的养成不仅需要有天命与之的可能性,更需要每一个个体现实中的努力;既需要注重个体内在的觉知和体认,也需要接受外界整个人文环境的教化和熏陶。通过对现实社会"性-道-教" 一体的教化体系的细致分析,阐明个体的成人之道不是狭隘的、闭塞的,必须在人与人的相互交往的开放的情境中体认和摸索:天道和人性也是在"性-道-教"相互渗透的生活境域中逐渐展开的,通过自修与教化实现至诚之道。在个体践行中庸之道的过程中,天道经由"诚之"道下落于人身,具体表现为一套合乎天理和人性的道德伦理的准则:三达德、五达道、治国九经。敬畏天命之所予,致中和以至诚之道,秉执慎独善己之工夫,接受内外合和之教化,是个体成人之道的主要内容。
[Abstract]:The object of "the mean" is closely related to the problem of human existence, aiming at opening up a way to realize the ideal personality of the highest and best. The cultivation of moral character and the practice of moral behavior are the important contents of the cultivation of ideal personality. From the perspective of moral philosophy, this paper will sum up the ideal personality advocated by the mean, and sort out the process of cultivating its ideal personality. " "the nature of destiny", through the analysis of the thought of "the golden mean" and the relationship between heaven and man, the starting point of its way of adulthood is constructed, so as to have a fuller understanding of the possibility of the practice of ideal personality. " The formation of ideal personality is first a process of self-making. The doctrine of the mean is mainly manifested in the two levels of "from the middle to the middle, from the sincerity to the middle". Taking "neutralization" and "mean" as the internal standard of behavior standard of ideal personality of "mean", by expounding the relationship between "middle", "middle" and "middle", the possibility of realizing the connection between them is demonstrated, that is, "sincerity". " Sincerity "is a concept with ultimate substantive significance. Through the elaboration of the relationship between" sincerity "and" Ming ", the importance of cautious independence is discussed. The whole practice of moral work is the key to honesty and cooperation. " The cultivation of ideal personality requires not only the possibility of destiny, but also the efforts of each individual in reality. Also needs to accept the outside entire humanities environment enlightenment and edification. Through the careful analysis of the educational system of "sex, Taoism and education" in real society, it is pointed out that the individual's adult approach is not narrow or obliterated. It is necessary to recognize and grope in the open situation of people's interaction: the Tao of Heaven and humanity are also gradually developed in the realm of "sex, Taoism and religion" permeating each other, and the way of sincerity is realized through self-study and enlightenment. In the course of individual practice of the mean, the Tao of Heaven falls to the person through the Tao of honesty, which is embodied in a set of moral and ethical norms in accordance with the principles of Heaven and humanity: three virtues, five Dharma, and Nine Classics of governing the country. It is the main content of the individual adult's way to fear the destiny, to be sincere, to accept the internal and external cooperation, and to accept the enlightenment of the internal and external harmony.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B222.1

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