基于DFS模型的冲突性对话研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 07:12

本文选题：冲突性话语 + 对话句法　；参考：《四川外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在日常交际中,个人或群体间由于意见和观点的不同,常会出现争执、争辩、反驳等言语行为,这便是本文的研究对象“冲突性对话”。许多学者从语用学、功能语言学、语料库语言学等角度研究了它的产生、发展、结束及缓和策略,但大都着重描写此类对话的结构特征及语用效果,尚未见有学者通过对话句法研究其背后的认知机制。对话句法作为新兴的研究方法,为认知语言学开辟了新路径。本文拟以此为理论基础,结合认知语言学中的“图形-背景理论”、“立场三角”建立DFS模型(Dialogic Figure Stance对话图形立场模型),以国产剧《北京青年》和《北京爱情故事》中的冲突性对话为语料,探索其对话句法结构及认知机制。本文共分五章,主要内容如下:第一章为引言,介绍本文的研究动因,研究目标,研究方法,语料收集过程以及本文的结构布局。第二章为文献综述,回顾了冲突性话语的研究历史及最新的对话句法学,特别是对话共振的生成机制,且指出这两者在研究冲突性话语时的不足之处。第三章为理论框架,在论述“对话句法”、“图形-背景理论”、“立场三角”三者不足的基础上,说明建构DFS模型的必要性。基于此理论,重点分析冲突性对话在句法及语义上的特点及其认知生成机制。在冲突性对话中,对话主体对冲突焦点进行评价(evaluate),焦点定位(position),对话主体间通过冲突性共振(conflict resonance)彼此对立(antagonize),由此产生冲突性立场,对话当中的冲突性就来自冲突性立场。例如,对话双方之前的交谈内容为此时冲突焦点的背景信息,父亲对冲突焦点进行评价,儿子基于父亲话语产生冲突性共振,双方形成冲突立场。该立场的维系需要冲突性共振,如上表所示,整个句法结构相同,仅在“养、犊子”vs“叫、爹”形成鲜明对比,从而产生焦点何守四:就当我白养了你这个犊子!何北:就当我白叫了你这个爹!共振,语用上加剧了对话双方的冲突。第四章为语料分析及讨论,笔者基于DFS模型详细分析了语料的句法、语义及语用特征,以揭示冲突性对话的认知机制。第五章为结语,总结全文,并指出本研究的不足之处及未来的启示。综上,本文的主要贡献如下:第一:基于过往理论之不足,尝试建构DFS模型,用于分析冲突性对话的生成机制。第二:本研究补充了Grice的合作原则(Cooperative Principle),它主要是建立于语义之上的,而本研究认为言语交际中不仅要考虑语义,还要考虑到句法上的共振性。冲突性对话在句法和语义上共振的比例超过不共振的比例,这足以表明,此类对话中绝大部分采用了对话共振的手段。第三:本文统计语料后得到如下数据及结论,大多数情况下,说话人在单位时间内采用共振的频率越高,冲突性立场产生的就越快,话语中的冲突性就越强,详见第四章。
[Abstract]:In the daily communication, there are often disputes, arguments, refutation and other speech acts due to different opinions and opinions between individuals and groups. This is the object of this article "conflict dialogue". Many scholars have studied its production, development, end and mitigation strategies from the perspectives of pragmatics, functional linguistics and corpus linguistics. The structural features and pragmatic effects of such dialogues have been re described, and there has not yet been seen the cognitive mechanism behind the study of dialogic syntax. As a new research method, dialogic syntax has opened up a new path for cognitive linguistics. This paper is based on the theory of "graphic background theory" and "position triangle" in cognitive linguistics. The DFS model (Dialogic Figure Stance dialogue graphic position model) is set up to explore the dialogue syntactic structure and cognitive mechanism of the homemade drama "Beijing youth >" and "Beijing love story". This paper is divided into five chapters. The main contents are as follows: the first chapter is the introduction, introducing the motivation of the research, the research objectives, and the research methods. The second chapter reviews the history of the Conflict Discourse and the latest dialogue sentence law, especially the generation mechanism of the dialogue resonance, and points out the inadequacies of the two in the study of the conflict discourse. The third chapter is the theoretical framework for the discussion of "dialogic syntax", "graphics - On the basis of the background theory, "the position triangle", the necessity of constructing the DFS model is explained. Based on this theory, the characteristics of the conflict dialogue in syntax and semantics and the mechanism of cognitive generation are emphatically analyzed. In the conflict dialogue, the subject of the dialogue is evaluated (evaluate), the focus location (position), the subject of the dialogue (position), the subject of the dialogue (position), and the subject of the dialogue. The conflict between conflict resonance (antagonize) creates conflicting positions. The conflict in the dialogue comes from the conflict position. For example, the conversation before the dialogue is the background information of the focus of the conflict, the father evaluates the focus of the conflict, and the son produces a conflict based on the father's discourse. As shown in the previous table, the whole syntactic structure is the same, and it makes a sharp contrast only in the "raise, the calf" vs, "Daddy," which produces the focus of four: when I keep your calf white, when I call you this Dad! Resonance, pragmatically intensifies the dialogue. The fourth chapter is the analysis and discussion of the corpus. The author makes a detailed analysis of the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of the corpus based on the DFS model to reveal the cognitive mechanism of the conflict dialogue. The fifth chapter is the conclusion, summarizes the full text, and points out the inadequacies of this study and the future. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: First: Based on over To the insufficiency of the theory, we try to construct the DFS model to analyze the generation mechanism of conflict dialogue. Second: This study complements the cooperative principle of Grice (Cooperative Principle), which is mainly based on the semantics, and this study considers that the verbal communication should not only consider the meaning of the language, but also take into account the syntactical resonance. The proportion of the syntactic and semantic resonance is more than the proportion of the non resonance, which is enough to show that most of these dialogues have adopted a means of dialogue resonance. Third: This paper makes the following data and conclusions. In most cases, the higher the frequency of the speaker is used in the unit time, the faster the conflict position is produced. The more conflict in the discourse, the more detailed the fourth chapter.

【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H136

【参考文献】