犹太民族基金会研究（1897-1948）

发布时间：2018-04-27 15:32

本文选题：犹太复国主义运动 + 犹太民族基金会　；参考：《鲁东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：犹太民族基金会是诞生于犹太复国主义运动时期的非政府组织,其宗旨就是为犹太人在巴勒斯坦地区建立民族家园而购买土地。自其成立,购地活动便始终伴随着犹太民族基金会的发展。到以色列建国前,它已经成为巴勒斯坦地区最大的土地占有者,并在以色列建国过程中扮演了重要角色。本文旨在梳理犹太民族基金会在以色列建国前的发展历程,重点探讨犹太民族基金会在各时期土地购买政策的变化及其土地获取状况,以及犹太民族基金会的实践活动对以色列建国和巴勒斯坦地区所产生的重要影响。基于上述考虑,本文拟在篇章方面作如下处理:第一章主要介绍犹太民族基金会这一选题来源和研究意义;介绍国内外学者对犹太民族基金会的研究现状;总结本文的研究方法和创新之处。第二章主要介绍犹太民族基金会建立的时代背景。犹太民族与巴勒斯坦的土地之间有着千丝万缕的联系,巴勒斯坦一直被犹太民族视为“圣地”。奥斯曼帝国统治晚期,巴勒斯坦是一个被人遗忘的没落之地,虽然曾有过一个短暂的犹太人活动时期,但最终农业定居活动归于失败。近代犹太复国主义运动兴起,开始出现犹太人移民巴勒斯坦的浪潮,移民定居活动缓慢进行,复国主义组织相继建立。第三章主要论述一战结束前犹太民族基金会的创建过程。1897年第一届犹太复国主义者代表大会上,夏皮拉提出建立犹太民族基金会的议案,到1901年获得通过。1907年犹太民族基金会创建公司,其组织形式得以合法化,并开始形成最初的组织章程。犹太民族基金会通过发行具有象征意义的盒子和邮票筹集资金,并开始进行小规模的购地活动。在活动初期,犹太民族基金会资金匮乏,土地获取数量较少,便将资源更多地投放到巴勒斯坦地区的犹太移民定居活动中。第四章探讨委任统治时期犹太民族基金会的发展情况。经过1920年伦敦大会和人事变迁之后的犹太民族基金会焕发出新的活力。面对阿拉伯人的抵制和英国当局的限制,犹太民族基金会调整购地政策,灵活运用各种策略绕开当局的限令,大规模进行土地获取活动。特别是新的土地转让条例生效后,犹太民族基金会出现获取土地的高潮时期,这一时期为以色列国家疆域的形成奠定了基础。英国委任统治时期是犹太民族基金会发展的黄金时期,土地活动取得实质性突破。本章重点对犹太民族基金会在不同阶段购地政策的调整进行论述,并分析犹太民族基金会在这一时期成功购地的原因。第五章主要分析犹太民族基金会的历史影响。以色列建国前夕,犹太民族基金会对土地获取政策进行战略性调整,争取到具有战略意义的土地,为以色列疆域的形成奠定了基础。除了购买土地,犹太民族基金会还投身于犹太移民安置、农业土地垦殖、公共基础设施建设等活动中,为以色列经济的发展奠定了坚实的基础。另一方面,犹太民族基金会购买土地、安置移民的活动,也对阿拉伯农民的经济生活产生了深远影响。犹太民族基金会不仅购买土地,还在土地上奉行只为犹太人的政策,致使阿拉伯农民失去立足之本,被迫沦为城市廉价劳动力甚至无业游民。第六章为结语。犹太民族基金会在以色列建国前的土地获取活动中发挥重要作用,为犹太人移民巴勒斯坦和以色列建国奠定了坚实的基础。我们应该以客观公正的态度来看待犹太民族基金会在巴勒斯坦地区的活动,从总体来说犹太民族基金会的活动顺应了历史发展的潮流,促进了巴勒斯坦地区社会经济的发展,最重要的是为长期处于流散状态的犹太民族建立民族家园提供了有利条件。
[Abstract]:The Jewish national foundation, a non-governmental organization born in the period of the Zionist movement, aims to buy land for the Jewish people to build a national home in the Palestinian area. Since its establishment, the land purchase activity has always been accompanied by the development of the Jewish national foundation. Before the founding of Israel, it had become the largest in the Palestinian region. The land possessor has played an important role in the process of the founding of Israel. This article is aimed at combing the development of the Jewish national foundation in Israel before the founding of the nation, focusing on the changes in the land purchase policy of the Jewish national foundation and the situation of land acquisition at all times, and the practice of the Jewish national foundation for Israel. The important effects of the founding of the people's Republic of China and the Palestinian area. Based on the above considerations, this article is intended to be dealt with in the following aspects: the first chapter mainly introduces the origin and significance of the topic of the Jewish national foundation, and introduces the research status of the scholars at home and abroad on the Jewish national foundation, and summarizes the research methods and innovations in this paper. Second The chapter mainly introduces the time background of the Jewish national foundation. There are countless ties between the Jewish people and the Palestinian land. Palestine has been regarded by the Jewish people as the "holy place". In the late Osman Empire, Palestine was a forgotten land, although there had been a short Jewish life. At the time of the movement, the final agricultural settlement was due to failure. The rise of the modern Zionist movement began to emerge from the wave of Jews immigrant to Palestine, the settler activities were slowly carried out, and the compound organization was set up one after another. The third chapter mainly discussed the creation of the Jewish national foundation before the end of the first World War and the first Zionist state of.1897. At the Congress, Shapira proposed a bill for the establishment of the Jewish national foundation. By 1901, the organization of the Jewish national foundation, Create Company, was legalized and began to form the original constitution. The Jewish national foundation raised funds by issuing symbolic boxes and stamps, and opened it. In the early days of the activities, the Jewish national foundation was scarce and the land was less, and the resources were put more into the Jewish settlement activities in the Palestinian areas. The fourth chapter discussed the development of the Jewish national foundation during the period of the mandate. After the 1920 London Congress and the change of personnel Following the boycott of the Arabs and the restrictions imposed by the British authorities, the Jewish national foundation adjusted the land purchase policy, flexibly used various strategies to bypass the authorities' restrictions and carried out large-scale land acquisition activities. In particular, the Jewish national foundation was seized after the new land transfer regulations came into force. In the period of high tide of land, this period laid the foundation for the formation of the territory of the state of Israel. The period of the British mandate was the golden period of the development of the Jewish national foundation. The land activities made a substantial breakthrough. This chapter focuses on the adjustment of the Jewish National Foundation in different stages of the land purchase policy and the analysis of the Jewish national base. On the eve of the founding of the nation, the Jewish national foundation made a strategic adjustment to the land acquisition policy, striving for a strategic land and laying a foundation for the formation of the Israeli territory. In addition to the purchase of land, the Jewish nation, the fifth chapter was mainly about the historical influence of the Jewish national foundation. The foundation also laid a solid foundation for the development of the Israeli economy. On the other hand, the Jewish national foundation bought land, resettled the immigration activities and had a profound impact on the economic life of the farmers in Arabia. The sixth chapter is the conclusion. The sixth chapter is the conclusion. The Jewish national foundation plays an important role in the land acquisition activities of Israel before the founding of the people's Republic of Israel and emigrated Palestine and color for the Jews. The establishment of the founding of the nation laid a solid foundation. We should look at the activities of the Jewish national foundation in the Palestinian area in an objective and impartial manner. In general, the activities of the Jewish national foundation, in general, have conformed to the trend of historical development, promoted the social and economic development of the Palestinian region, and most importantly, for a long time in the diaspora state. The Jewish people provided favorable conditions for the establishment of a national homeland.

【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K18

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