唐德刚的中国近代史研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 02:32

本文选题：唐德刚 + 中国近代史　；参考：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：唐德刚先生博古通今,学贯中西,是闻名海内外的文史大家。他的研究领域涉及口述史、中国近现代史、欧美史等方面,同时他又是诗人、红学家和传记文学家。唐德刚用富有才华和感情的史笔把他对于历史的洞察,生动、立体地呈现给亿万普通人和历史从业者。唐德刚对中国近代史做过长期深入的研究,他主要的史学思想和治史方法渗透其中。迄今为止,学界还没有把唐德刚在中国近代史领域内的成就作专门研究。文章即以唐德刚的中国近代史著作为根据,第一次对唐氏的中国近代史研究进行深入分析,提炼出唐德刚关于中国近代史的主要观点——社会转型论。总结唐德刚的主要史学思想和他在做中国近代史研究时运用的治学方法,包括他运用行为科学、心理学等分析方法解释近代史上的历史事件和历史人物,他对于口述史料及其他一手史料的使用,最后在系统分析的基础上对唐德刚的中国近代史研究从正反两个层面进行评价。文章主要分为四大块内容。第一块对唐德刚的生平和他的治史历程进行了大致梳理。唐德刚兼有中学和西学的教育背景,在海外亦长期从事历史学科的教学研究工作,熟悉中西历史及其研究方法。同时唐德刚生于民国,长于战乱时期,又寄居海外,是清末民国以来历史的亲历者。他是淮军之后,国民党元老吴开先之婿,胡适的忘年之交,做过顾维钧、李宗仁、张学良等民国政要的口述历史。因此,他做中国近代史研究既有得天独厚的条件,又有坚实的学养基础。第二块内容主要分析了唐德刚的"社会转型论",这是唐德刚关于中国近代史乃至整个中国历史的主要观点。他认为一部中国近代史即是一部中国社会的转型史。社会转型运动在中国历史上一共发生过两次,第一次发生在商鞅变法之后,"一转百转"至汉武帝时期才算完成,随后社会定型两千年。这一次转型是社会内部发展到一定程度自然的结果。第二次社会转型运动发生于鸦片战争之后,这一次却是西方帝国主义者入侵引发的结果。由于是被动,这次的转型,就面临着从传统东方社会模式转为现代西方社会模式的过程,这是一个阶段接一个阶段渐次发展的过程,是充满暗礁逆流的过程,唐德刚将这第二次的社会转型期称为"历史三峡"。他认为只有集全民族的智慧跨过这个历史三峡,中国社会才能迎来一个新的定型。唐德刚的社会转型论是对中国近代史的洞察。第三部分主要分析唐德刚作中国近代史研究主要运用的治史方法和治史思想。在研究方法上,唐德刚注重利用社会科学的方法分析历史事件,例如他用行为科学的方法分析袁世凯称帝和汪精卫卖国,为理解历史真实提供了新的思路。在历史人物的描述方面,唐德刚尽量真实、立体地分析历史人物,尽力做到客观公正。在史学观点上,唐德刚认为史家应当避免现时观念的影响,苛求前人。在史料方面,一是唐德刚对于口述史料的重视,口述史是唐德刚的专长所在,在他治中国近代史过程中也注重利用口述材料。例如他用顾维钧、李宗仁等人的口述史料分析和佐证历史,同时他在著作中也多次回忆自己的过往经历,现身说法;另一方面,唐德刚还利用美档,还原历史真相,例如,唐就通过美档揭露门户开放政策的首推者为英国。第四部分,主要是对唐德刚的中国近代史研究做出评价。文章从正反两个方面评价唐德刚的近代史研究,认为唐德刚以高超的笔法将他对中国近代史的深刻领悟生动地呈现出来,能照实直书,秉持公正,同时也表达了他对历史进程的体悟和对未来的期望。
[Abstract]:Mr. Tang Degang, an ancient and modern man, is a famous scholar of literary history both at home and abroad. His research field involves oral history, modern Chinese history, European and American history and so on. At the same time, he is a poet, a red scientist and a biography writer. Tang Degang presents his insight, vividness and stereoscopic view of history with his rich and emotional history. Ordinary people and historical practitioners. Tang Degang has done a long and deep study of modern Chinese history. His main historical thoughts and methods of history of history have penetrated. So far, the academic circles have not made a special study of Tang Degang's achievements in the field of modern Chinese history. The article is based on the modern Chinese history of Tang Degang, the first time to Tang Dynasty. The study of modern Chinese history is deeply analyzed, and the main point of view of Tang Degang's modern history of China, the theory of social transformation, is abstracted. The main historical thoughts of Tang Degang and the methods used by him in the study of modern Chinese history are summed up, including his interpretation of the historical events in modern history by using the analytical methods of behavioral science and psychology. Part and historical figure, his use of oral historical materials and other historical materials, and finally, on the basis of systematic analysis, appraise the two aspects of Tang Degang's research on Chinese modern history from the positive and negative aspects. The article is divided into four major parts. The first piece is a general combing of the life of Tang Degang and the history of his history. Tang Degang has a concurrently. The educational background and the educational background of the western learning and the study of the history of history and the research methods of the Chinese and Western countries for a long time. Tang Degang was born in the Republic of China, in the period of the war, and reposed abroad. He was a person of history since the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. After the Huai army, he was the son-in-law of the Kuomintang President Wu Kaixian, and Hu Shi's annual friend, He has done the oral history of Gu Weijun, Li Zongren, Zhang Xueliang and other Republic politicians. Therefore, he did the study of modern history of China with both unique conditions and a solid foundation of education. Second pieces of content mainly analyzed Tang Degang's "social transformation theory", which was the main point of Tang Degang about the Chinese modern history and the whole Chinese history. He recognized that Tang Degang was the main point of the Chinese history and the whole Chinese history. The modern history of China is a history of transformation of a Chinese society. The movement of social transformation occurred two times in Chinese history. The first time after the Shang Yang transformation, the movement of "one hundred turns" to the emperor of the Han Dynasty was completed, and then the society was set for two thousand years. This transformation was the result of a certain degree of natural development within the society. The two social transformation movement took place after the Opium War, this time was the result of the invasion of the Western imperialists. Because of the passivity, this transformation was faced with the process of turning from the traditional oriental social model to the modern western social model, which was a gradual process after a stage and full of reef countercurrent. In the process, Tang Degang called the period of the second social transformation as "the Three Gorges of history". He thought that only the wisdom of the whole nation crossed the Three Gorges, and the Chinese society could usher in a new pattern. Tang Degang's theory of social transformation was the insight into the modern history of China. The third part mainly analyzed Tang Degang as the main research in modern history of China. In the study method, Tang Degang pays attention to the analysis of historical events by means of social science. For example, he uses the method of behavioral science to analyze Yuan Shikai and Wang Jingwei to sell the country, which provides a new way of thinking for the understanding of the historical truth. In the description of historical figures, Tang Degang is as real and stereotypical as possible. In historical point of view, Tang Degang thinks that historians should avoid the influence of the present ideas and seek the predecessors. In historical materials, one is Tang Degang's attention to oral historical material, and the history of oral history is where Tang Degang's specialty lies, and he also pays attention to the use of oral materials in the process of treating China's recent history. For example, he used it. Gu Weijun, Li Zongren and others have an oral historical analysis and proof of history. At the same time, he also recollections of his past experiences in his works. On the other hand, Tang Degang also uses beauty files to restore the truth of history. For example, Tang revealed the head of the opening policy of the portal through the United States. The fourth part was mainly to Tang Degang. The study of the modern history of China is evaluated. The article evaluates Tang Degang's modern history of Tang Degang from the positive and negative aspects, and thinks that Tang Degang vividly presents his profound understanding of the modern history of China with his superb writing method. It can be honest and impartial, and also expresses his understanding of the history of history and his expectation of the future.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K092

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