西周墓葬出土青铜明器研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 13:27

本文选题：西周 + 墓葬　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以西周时期墓葬中出土的青铜明器为研究对象,所涉及的墓葬共计97座,出土青铜明器430多件。首先,按照都邑与封国的区别,分类梳理目前所见的青铜明器墓,其次,对出土的青铜明器进行形制分析,进而对墓葬进行再分期,最终划分为三期。最后,在分期基础上对出土青铜明器的种类、组合状况、摆放位置以及墓葬等级、族属、葬俗等六个方面进行研究与探讨。本文共分七个部分。第一部分,为绪论。首先对“青铜明器”的概念进行界定,然后对前人的研究成果进行总结及评述,进而点明本文的选题意义。同时对本文的研究方法作概括介绍,最后对出土的青铜明器的时空范围、种类、墓葬等级划分标准等作相关说明。第二部分,由三小部分组成。按照国别的不同,对目前西周墓葬中出土的青铜明器分别进行概述,暂无法判定国别的墓葬均以现在地理行政区划为准。第三部分,对出土的青铜明器作形制分析,依据典型器物的共存关系把铜明器分4组,与之相关墓葬也分为4组,这4组墓也代表西周时期青铜明器墓四个连续发展的阶段。分析各段墓葬中铜明器组合及特征,可以合并为三大期。依据有铭铜器或同出实用器对墓葬的绝对年代进行推测。在此基础上,对青铜明器墓的分布与族属、数量与等级的相关问题进行分析。第四部分,根据铜明器的出土位置,对青铜明器墓进行分类,对不同地区铜明器的摆放位置进行横、纵两方面的比较,进而归纳铜明器位置摆放的一些规律。第五部分,在前面的分期基础上,对出土的铜明器与铜实用器的种类、组合形式作比较。第六部分,在上述基础上,对随葬青铜明器习俗的兴衰原因、随葬品摆放位置相关讨论及明器中的复古现象进行相关的探讨。第七部分为结语。通过本文研究最终我们认为:随葬铜明器的习俗从西周早期至春秋早期,经历了一个兴起、发展、鼎盛的发展过程。这一习俗源于商代,后成为周人墓的典型特征之一。随葬铜明器的习俗与墓葬等级有关,经历了自下而上的流行趋势,体现的是一种丧葬习俗在社会阶层中的流变。铜明器在墓中摆放有一定的规律,多摆放在棺椁之间,与陶器和实用铜器也保持相对的空间位置。青铜实用礼器与明礼器多搭配使用,但在晚期阶段的高级贵族墓葬中则是单独成套。此外,铜明器中存在着复古现象,出现原因复杂,或与社会变革及两周之际死亡信仰有关。
[Abstract]:In this paper, 97 tombs were unearthed in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and more than 430 bronze objects were unearthed. Firstly, according to the difference between Duyi and Fengguo, the bronze Ming tomb is classified and sorted out. Secondly, the shape of the bronze Ming ware unearthed is analyzed, and then the tomb is divided into three phases. Finally, on the basis of stages, this paper studies and discusses six aspects, such as the category, combination, placement, gradation, clan and burial custom of the bronze Ming vessels unearthed. This paper is divided into seven parts. The first part is the introduction. Firstly, it defines the concept of "Bronze Ming ware", then summarizes and comments the previous research results, and then points out the significance of this paper. At the same time, the research methods of this paper are summarized. Finally, the temporal and spatial range, types, gradation criteria of the bronze Ming objects unearthed are explained. The second part consists of three small parts. According to the different countries, the bronze Ming wares unearthed in the Western Zhou Dynasty tombs are summarized respectively, and it is not possible to judge the national tombs according to the present geographical administrative divisions. In the third part, according to the coexistence of typical objects, the bronze Ming wares are divided into four groups, and the related tombs are also divided into four groups. These four tombs also represent the four successive stages of the development of bronze Ming ware tombs in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The combination and characteristics of bronze Ming vessels in tombs can be combined into three periods. The absolute age of the tomb is inferred according to the inscription bronze ware or the same utility. On this basis, the distribution of bronze Ming tombs and the number and rank of the related problems are analyzed. In the fourth part, according to the unearthed position of bronze Ming ware, the author classifies the bronze Ming tomb, compares the position of bronze Ming ware in different areas in horizontal and vertical, and sums up some rules of the location of bronze Ming ware. The fifth part, on the basis of previous stages, compares the types and combination forms of unearthed copper miner and copper utility. The sixth part, on the basis of the above, discusses the reasons for the rise and fall of the custom, the location of the burial objects and the phenomenon of retro in the Ming Dynasty. The seventh part is the conclusion. Through the study of this paper, we conclude that the custom of interment of bronze Ming wares has experienced a rising, developing and flourishing process from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring and Autumn period. This custom originated in the Shang Dynasty and later became one of the typical features of the tomb of Zhou people. The custom of interment of bronze Ming ware is related to the gradation of tombs and has experienced a trend of popularity from the bottom to the top, which reflects the evolution of a funeral custom in the social strata. There are certain rules in the tomb of bronze Ming ware, most of them are placed between coffins and coffins, and they also keep a relative space position with pottery and practical bronze ware. Bronze ritual ware is often used with Ming ritual ware, but it is a separate set in the late stage of high aristocratic tombs. In addition, there is a retro phenomenon in Tongming, which has complicated causes, or is related to social change and the belief of death at the time of two weeks.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K878.9

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