英语第二人称代词指称义研究—认知语法视角

发布时间：2018-05-22 14:21

本文选题：第二人称代词 + 指称义　；参考：《河南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：指示语是重要的语言单位,在日常交际中扮演着重要的角色。相对于其他词类,指示语的用法是相对稳定的,原因就是指示语属于封闭词类, 词义变化非常缓慢而且用法也相对固定。在实际交际中,人称代词系统丰富多变,指称范围也并非像描述的那样泾渭分明,人称代词与其指称对象之间常常存在不对称的现象,特别是第二人称代词。相较于第一人称和第三人称代词,第二人称代词在形式上具有独特的词形变化,而且在语义上除了指称听话人,也可以指称第一人称,第三人称和不定指称等。英语语法学界对you的指称意义研究比较深入、全面,但大部分学者大都是把这些不同的指称义孤立看作是you的不同用法。但是同一个you为什么能指称不同的人呢?这些不同的指称义之间有无联系呢?这些都未引起语言学界足够的重视。本文以认知语法理论为指导,采用定性与定量相结合的研究方法,广泛搜集you的使用例子,在对英语第二人称代词you的句法结构和语义功能特征详细描写的基础上,深入探讨you的指称义概念化的认知理据,对you的句法结构特征和语义功能之间的对应关系作出合理的解释。通过对第二人称代词you的句法描写以及它的不同指称义的认知动因分析中,我们发现在语言层面上,使用第二人称来指代其他人称时,说话者把第二人称指代的各个不同的言语事件的参加者置于台上作为特定的实体被客观化,并且成为关注的焦点。因此,我们发现第二人称代词you的使用基本认知特征为凸显言语事件的参加者,是对参加者的客观化。在理论层面上,我们发现人们在交际过程中,大脑的认知活动及认知规律受到语用因素的制约,比如,我们用第二人称代词you指称其他人称时需要考虑到语境、语用表达效果、语用目的等,从而才能在实际交际过程中正确的理解各个人称代词所指称的确切对象,从而避免歧义。因此,在对人称代词的指称义进行认知分析时必须要结合语用因素才能给出全面的解释。这项研究为英语人称代词的研究提供了一种新的思路。
[Abstract]:Deixis is an important language unit and plays an important role in daily communication. Relative to other parts of speech, the use of deixis is relatively stable, because deixis belong to closed parts of speech, meaning changes very slowly and usage is relatively fixed. In practical communication, personal pronouns are rich and changeable, and the range of reference is not as clear as described. There is often asymmetry between personal pronouns and their referential objects, especially the second person pronoun. Compared with the first person and the third person pronouns, the second person pronoun has a unique morphological change in form, and it can refer to the first person, the third person and the indefinite reference in semantic terms, in addition to referring to the hearer. The research on the referential meaning of you in English grammar is thorough and comprehensive, but most scholars regard these different referential meanings as the different usage of you. But why can the same you refer to different people? Is there any connection between these different meanings? None of this has attracted enough attention from the linguists. Under the guidance of cognitive grammar theory, this paper adopts a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to collect widely examples of the use of you, on the basis of a detailed description of the syntactic structure and semantic functional features of the second person pronoun you. This paper probes into the cognitive motivation of conceptualization of you's referential meaning and gives a reasonable explanation of the corresponding relationship between the syntactic structure characteristics and semantic functions of you. By analyzing the syntactic description of the second person pronoun you and its different referential meanings, we find that at the linguistic level, the second person is used to refer to others. The speaker places the participants of the different speech events referred to by the second person on the stage as a specific entity and becomes the focus of attention. Therefore, we find that the basic cognitive feature of the second person pronoun you is the objectification of the participants who highlight the speech events. At the theoretical level, we find that in the process of communication, the cognitive activities and the rules of cognition of the brain are restricted by pragmatic factors. For example, when we use the second person pronoun you to refer to others, we need to take into account the context and the effect of pragmatic expression. In order to correctly understand the exact objects referred to by personal pronouns in practical communication, pragmatic purposes can avoid ambiguity. Therefore, in the cognitive analysis of the referential meaning of personal pronouns, pragmatic factors must be combined in order to give a comprehensive explanation. This study provides a new approach to the study of English personal pronouns.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H314

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