民国时期女留学生参政研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 18:09

本文选题：女留学生 + 参政　；参考：《江苏师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：妇女问题历来都是社会关注的重要问题,是历朝历代政权统治阶级都必须面临和解决的问题。在中国漫长的封建社会里,女性一直处于被压迫的地位。鸦片战争以后,中国国门洞开,随着西方“自由平等”、“天赋人权”的思想在中国的传播,中国的政治、经济和文化都发生一系列变化,处于社会转型期的妇女,再度成为社会关注的对象,妇女的地位以及权利的保障,成为中国近代民主政治进程中亟待解决的关键所在。鸦片战争以后,教会女学在中国的创立首先突破了中国传统的女子教育模式。甲午战后,随着清末新政的实施以及一些有识之士的推动,全社会掀起了兴办女学的热潮,与此同时,女子留学也同步兴起,使近代中国出现一批具有新思想、新文化、新知识的女留学生。为争取妇女参政、实现男女平权,她们与国内知识女性以及众多有识之士,在20世纪初的中国掀起轰轰烈烈的妇女参政运动,从领导者到组织者再到宣传者,女留学生都在其中发挥了重要的作用,为妇女参政进行坚持不懈的抗争和努力,对整个中国社会变革起到巨大的影响。在南京临时政府、北洋政府以及国民政府时期,女留学生为争取妇女参政、实现男女平等展开一次又一次艰苦卓绝的斗争,使得各届民国政府只得顺应时代形势及呼声,不断修改宪法及法律,中国女性的参政权逐渐得到民国法律在形式上的认可。民国时期的女性参政是一个不断发展、不断成熟的实践过程,女留学生在参政运动的组织和参与过程中,由自发性向组织性不断演进,参与程度和参与水平相对较高,并且始终高扬妇女解放和男女平等的旗帜。女留学生是近代中国具有新思想、新文化、新知识的新生力量,她们是近代女性教育的精英阶层,具有学贯中西、兼容古今的知识结构和思考模式;她们是中国近代妇女解放运动的领军人物,是参政运动的主要参与者和领导者;她们是近代救亡运动的女界先驱,积极投身救亡图存的爱国运动,以实际行动证明男女平等的正义。但我们也应看到,女留学生在推动女性参政的进程中还存在很多不足及制约因素。女留学生代表的是女性群体中的知识女性阶层,相对于占据中国大多数的普通农工妇女来说,知识女性依然凤毛麟角,其参政模式具有非常明显的男性特色;整个民国时期,女性参政比例依然较低,这与民国法律的局限、封建传统文化的压制以及女性意识觉醒的不平衡性密切相关,导致民国女性的法律地位和参政水平远没有达到法律条文中所赋予的程度。从女性现代化角度来看,以女留学生为代表的知识女性走向社会政治舞台,标志着女性这一名词从家庭角色到社会角色的转变,促进了女性社会地位的提高以及法律地位的平等,在一定程度上实现了女性的人格独立和自由发展;从中国社会现代化进程来看,女留学生亦成为推动中国社会转型的一支不可忽视的力量,并不断促进民主政治进程的深化和发展。然而,女性参政权的保障及实施依然存在缺陷和不足,女性参政之路依然困难重重,任重而道远。因此,只有民主政治不断完善和和社会文明不断提升,女性参政才能获得更有力的政策和法律保障。
[Abstract]:Women's problem has always been an important issue of social concern. It is a problem that the ruling classes of all past dynasties must face and solve. In the long feudal society of China, women have been in the position of oppression. After the Opium War, the Chinese country opened and the thought of "natural human rights" in China was in China with the western "self equality". A series of changes have taken place in the politics, economy and culture of China. Women in the period of social transformation have become the object of social concern again. The status of women and the protection of their rights have become the key to the urgent solution in the process of modern democracy in China. After the Opium War, the founding of the church was the first breakthrough in China. After the war of the late Qing Dynasty, with the implementation of the new deal in the late Qing Dynasty and the promotion of some people of insight, the whole society raised the upsurge of Establishing Women's learning. At the same time, women studying abroad also rose synchronously, so that a batch of female students with new ideas, new cultures and new knowledge appeared in modern China. In the early twentieth Century, they set off a vigorous movement for women's political participation, from leaders to organizers and to propagandists in China, which played an important role in the struggle and efforts of women's participation in political affairs, and played a great role in the reform of the whole Chinese society. In the period of the Nanjing interim government, the Beiyang government and the national government, the female students struggled again and again to strive for women's participation in political affairs and to achieve equality between men and women. All the governments of the Republic of China had to adapt to the times and voice, constantly amend the Constitution and the law, and the political rights of Chinese women gradually gained the law of the Republic of China. Women's participation in political participation in the period of the Republic of China is a continuous development and mature practice. In the process of organizing and participating in the participation of political participation, the female students are constantly evolving from spontaneity to organization, the level of participation and participation is relatively high, and the banner of women's Liberation and equality between men and women is raised at the end of the year. Life is a new force of new thought, new culture and new knowledge in modern China. They are the elite of modern women's education. They have the knowledge structure and thinking mode of ancient and modern. They are the leading figures of the modern Chinese women's liberation movement, the main participants and leaders of the political participation and movement; they are the modern salvation movement. The female pioneers actively devote themselves to the patriotic movement to save the nation from subjugation, and prove the justice of equality between men and women with practical action. However, we should also see that there are still many deficiencies and constraints in the process of female students' participation in women's participation in political affairs. As for the ordinary peasant workers, the knowledge women are still rare, and their political participation mode has a very obvious male characteristic. In the period of the Republic of China, the proportion of women's participation in politics is still low. This is closely related to the limitation of the law of the Republic of China, the suppression of the feudal traditional culture and the imbalances of the awakening of women's consciousness, which leads to the legal status of the women in the Republic of China. From the perspective of women's modernization, the knowledge women represented by the female students are going to the social political stage, which marks the transformation of the noun from the family role to the social role, which promotes the advancement of the social status of women and the equality of the legal status. In the course of the modernization of Chinese society, the female students have also become a force that can not be ignored, and promote the deepening and development of the democratic political process. However, the protection and implementation of women's political rights still exist defects and deficiencies, female participation The road of political affairs is still difficult and heavy, so the policy and legal guarantee for women's political participation can only be achieved by the continuous improvement of democratic politics and the continuous promotion of social civilization.
【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K258;D693.2

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