《小镇畸人》的空间叙事研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 06:46

本文选题：舍伍德·安德森 + 《小镇畸人》　；参考：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：舍伍德·安德森是美国现代小说的开创者之一,其新颖的创作手法以及自然简约的语言风格对海明威、福克纳、斯坦贝克等诸多现代美国作家都产生了重要影响,被誉为"巨人们"的导师。相比较其他作家,安德森的文学创作起步较晚,但在其短暂的创作生涯中,安德森却留下了大量的文学著作。其主要作品包括长篇小说《温迪·麦克弗森之子》、《前进的人们》《穷白人》和短篇小说集《小镇畸人》、《鸡蛋的胜利》、《林中之死》以及诗歌《中西部之歌》、《新约》等,其中,以短篇小说成就最高、影响最大。安德森的短篇小说形式"散漫",内容新颖,极大地影响了后来美国短篇小说的发展。《小镇畸人》以一种开创性的松散结构,通过选取普通人的日常生活片段,成功地勾勒出了 20世纪初社会转型时期美国中西部小镇居民的精神荒原。同时,这部作品也集中展示了安德森的创作理念和艺术追求。他抛弃了传统小说叙事对故事情节的要求,而更多的去关注个体本身,探索生活表象下的人性的真实。其笔下的温思堡小镇也因其典型而饱满的形象一度成为美国中西部乡镇文化的代表。本文以舍伍德·安德森的代表作《小镇畸人》为研究对象,以新兴的空间叙事理论为基础,并结合叙事学、读者接受理论相关知识,分别从故事所描绘的物理空间,文本的结构空间以及读者的心理空间等方面来分析小说所展现出来的空间性艺术。首先,在故事内容上,安德森向读者描绘了一个集农业传统与工业文明于一体的矛盾空间—温思堡小镇,并借用该空间来对人物进行表征,让空间的故事成为人物本身的故事,揭示了作品的主题。其次,在结构安排上,安德森打破了单一的因果—线性叙事模式,采用立体的并置叙事模式,多角度、多方位地对人物及故事进行展示,进一步强调主题;最后,安德森利用多种叙事技巧,激发读者潜在的主观能动性,让其在不知不觉中一步步走进"畸人"的内心世界。论文主要分为五个部分,第一章简要介绍空间叙事理论及作家作品,包括国内外关于《小镇畸人》的研究现状。空间叙事研究,简言之,就是探索空间作为不同于时间的另一种叙事元素是如何参与、影响与推动故事发展的。论文结合约瑟夫·弗兰克的空间形式理论和加布里尔佐伦的空间叙事理论,以《小镇畸人》所展现出来的具体空间特点为依据,分别从故事的内容、形式及读者接受等方面对作品的空间性进行分析。论文的第二章主要分析《小镇畸人》中由大量的背景描写所构成的物理空间。在这一层空间中,既有传统与现实的博弈,也有农业、手工业文明与大机器生产的冲突,更有城乡生活之间的巨大差异。安德森精心塑造温斯堡小镇这一充满矛盾的特色空间,并将具有相似特征的人物安放于其中,使空间成为人物的表征,成为推动故事发展的重要因素。论文第三章主要从作品的结构方面论述主题一并置这种空间叙事模式在《小镇畸人》中的运用。认为《小镇畸人》并不是传统意义上的短篇小说集,而是一部由共同主题而串连起来的空间形式小说。各个故事从不同侧面反映人们的精神状态,共同揭示了现代人的异化主题。论文的第四章系统讨论了《小镇畸人》的空间性特征与读者接受之间的关系。从读者的心理空间建构这一角度出发,研究安德森是如何运用重复、控制叙事节奏、开放式结尾等手法来影响读者的阅读体验,提高读者的参与度,让读者能够走近"畸人",产生情感共鸣。第五章是论文的结语,指出《小镇畸人》之所以能够取得如此之高的艺术成就,主要得益于安德森在叙事中对空间元素的大量运用。从空间叙事角度对该小说进行解读,探索小说内在的逻辑关系,有助于从总体上把握小说所要表达的主题,对进一步理解空间要素在现代小说中所发挥的重要作用有一定的启示意义。
[Abstract]:Sherwood Anderson is one of the pioneers of modern American novels. His novel writing techniques and natural and simple language style have an important influence on many modern American writers, such as Hemingway, Faulkner, Steinbeck and so on. They are known as the tutors of "giants". Compared to other writers, Anderson's literary creation started late, but in the meantime, it is very late. In his short career, Anderson has left a large number of literary works. His main works include novels, the son of Wendy McPherson, the people of progress, the poor whites, the short stories, the small town, the victory of eggs, the death of the woods, the songs of the East and the west, the New Testament, etc., of which, the most successful in short stories. The form of Anderson's short stories is "scattered" and its content is novel, which greatly affects the development of American short stories. "The small town" is a groundbreaking loose structure, and by selecting the ordinary people's daily life fragments, the spirit of the middle western small town residents in the social transition period of the early twentieth Century is successfully outlined. At the same time, this work also concentrates on Anderson's creative ideas and artistic pursuit. He abandoned the request of the traditional novel narrative to the plot, and paid more attention to the individual itself and explored the truth of human nature under the image of life. The representative of the village and township culture. This article takes Sherwood Anderson's representative as the research object, based on the new spatial narrative theory, and combines the narratology, the reader accepts the theory related knowledge, and analyzes the novel from the physical space depicted in the story, the structure space of the text and the psychological space of the readers. First, in the content of the story, Anderson described the contradiction space between the agricultural tradition and the industrial civilization - the town of the contradiction between the agricultural tradition and the industrial civilization - the town of Wen Si fort, and used the space to represent the characters, let the story of the space become the story of the characters, and reveal the theme of the work. Secondly, in the structure security. In line, Anderson breaks the single cause and effect linear narrative mode, uses a three-dimensional juxtaposition narrative mode, displays the characters and stories in multiple angles, and emphasizes the theme. At last, Anderson uses a variety of narrative techniques to stimulate the readers' potential subjective initiative and let them step into the "deformed man" unwittingly. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first chapter is a brief introduction of the theory of space narrative and the author's works, including the status of the research on "the little town" at home and abroad. The study of space narrative, in short, is to explore how the space as another narrative element different from the time is to participate in and influence and promote the development of the story. Kojosef Frank's space form theory and Gabriel R Len's spatial narrative theory are based on the specific spatial characteristics shown in the small town deformities. The second chapters of the thesis are mainly analyzed from the content, form and reader acceptance of the story. In this space, there are both traditional and realistic games, agriculture, the conflict between the handicraft industry and the production of big machines, and the great difference between urban and rural life. Anderson carefully shapes the paradoxical space of the town of Winesburg, and puts the characters with similar characteristics in the space. Among them, space becomes the characterization of the characters, and it becomes an important factor to promote the development of the story. The third chapter of the paper mainly discusses the application of the theme of the theme from the structure of the works. The fourth chapters of the paper systematically discuss the relationship between the spatial characteristics of the small town and the reader's acceptance. From the angle of the psychological space construction of the readers, the paper studies how Anderson uses it. Repeat, control the narrative rhythm, open end and so on to influence readers' reading experience, improve the reader's participation, and let the readers get closer to "abnormal people" and produce emotional resonance. The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the thesis, pointing out that the reason why the small town is able to achieve such high artistic achievements is mainly due to Anderson's space in the narrative. A large number of elements are used to interpret the novel from the angle of space and explore the inner logical relationship of the novel. It is helpful to grasp the theme of the novel in general and to understand the important role played by the space elements in the modern novel.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

【参考文献】