西汉景帝朝改革与汉景帝历史地位新论
发布时间：2018-07-24 18:47
【摘要】：《汉书·景帝纪》赞曰:"周云成康,汉言文景,美矣! "自此之后,文景之治的美名不胫而走,被历代史学家所称道。然而史学家们研究文景之治大多以文景两帝合论,并往往把汉文帝的研究作为重点,而景帝则因一句"景帝遵业"成为了文帝政策的继承者,被后世史学家以萧规曹随的眼光看待,甚至被看作庸主、中主。实际上,汉景帝绝非庸主、中主,其功绩也不能仅仅用"遵业"一词概括。汉文帝时期,黄老之治在恢复社会生产的同时,也积累了许多社会问题。贾谊在《治安策》中指出了诸侯僭拟、匈奴南侵、豪强势大、社会重末轻本以致国民皆困等诸多问题,言明此时局势犹"抱火厝之积薪之下而寝其上",但这些问题在文帝时期都没能得到很好的解决,鉴于此,汉景帝在继位之后开始进行改革。汉景帝的改革可分为两个阶段,第一阶段是晁错改革,晁错首先打击军功集团以加强皇权,但尚未成功便因袁盎受贿案案发、吴王谋反意图泄露而被打断,不得不提前削藩,导致七国之乱爆发,其后,军功集团以军队为依仗逼景帝诛杀晁错。这一改革虽因晁错之死而结束,但汉景帝借得胜之威,大幅削弱了山东诸侯国,并扶植起了依附于自己的新势力。第二阶段在景帝中后期,汉景帝与梁王、朝臣的矛盾因栗太子事件再次爆发,这次景帝采取较为温和的方式,逐步夺取军权、削弱军功集团与诸侯王,并进一步发展强国之政:经济上,藏富于国,扩展赋税来源,加强经济管控;吏治上,严惩犯法官员,平反冤狱,加强监督;军事上,诱降匈奴,广置马苑,选任得力边郡长官,加强边郡地区防御与反击能力。景帝朝的改革不但解决了文帝朝所遗留的社会问题,更使汉王朝发生了巨大的变化:一方面,随着军功集团的消亡、诸侯国逐渐郡县化,汉景帝完成了从"共天下"到"私天下"的转变;另一方面,大量富国强兵政策的实施,使汉王朝国力迅速提升,为汉武盛世奠定了坚实的基础,实为武帝转变统治政策的先声。
[Abstract]:King King of the Han Dynasty: "Zhou Yuncheng Kang, Han language style and scenery, beautiful!" "since then, the name of Wen Jing Zhi has spread like wildfire, and has been praised by historians of all dynasties. However, historians mostly study the governance of literature and scenery, and tend to focus on the study of Emperor Wen in the Han Dynasty, and King Emperor has become the successor of Emperor Wen's policy because of a phrase "King Emperor obeys industry". It was regarded by the later historians as Xiao Cao followed, and even as the mediocre master. In fact, Emperor Jingdi of the Han Dynasty was by no means mediocre, and his achievements could not only be summed up by the word "obeying karma". During the period of Emperor Wen, Huang-Lao Zhi also accumulated a lot of social problems while resuming social production. Jia Yi pointed out in the Public Security Policy that the princes arrogantly, the Xiongnu invaded the south, was powerful and powerful, and the society was so heavy that the people were all trapped. It is clear that the situation at this time is still "under the accumulated salary of holding fire houses", but these problems were not well solved in the period of Emperor Wen. In view of this, the Emperor Jingdi of the Han Dynasty began to carry out the reform after taking over the throne. The reform of Emperor Jingdi in the Han Dynasty can be divided into two stages. The first stage was Chao Chao's reform. Chao Chao first cracked down on the military Gong Group in order to strengthen the imperial power, but before he had succeeded, he was interrupted by Yuan Ang's bribery case, and King Wu was interrupted by the leak of his rebellious intent, and he had to cut off the vassals in advance. Led to the outbreak of chaos in the Seven Kingdoms, later, the military to rely on the military King King Zhu Zhu Chao Co. Although this reform ended with the death of Chao Cuo, the Emperor Jingdi of the Han Dynasty greatly weakened the emperors of Shandong and established a new force dependent on him. In the second stage, in the middle and late period of King King, the conflict between King Emperor of the Han Dynasty and King of Liang and courtiers broke out again because of the Crown Prince Chestnut incident. This time King King took a more moderate approach and gradually seized military power and weakened the Jungong Group and the kings of the throne. And to further develop the policies of powerful countries: economically, to store wealth in the country, to expand the sources of taxation, to strengthen economic control; to severely punish officials who break the law, to rehabilitate criminal officials, and to strengthen supervision; and militarily, to induce the Xiongnu to descend, and to extensively purchase Ma Yuan. Select a powerful Bian county governor to strengthen the regional defense and counter-attack capabilities of Bian County. The reform of King King not only solved the social problems left by Emperor Wen, but also made great changes in the Han Dynasty. On the other hand, the implementation of the policy of strengthening the armed forces of a large number of rich countries made the national strength of the Han Dynasty rise rapidly, which laid a solid foundation for the prosperous period of the Han Dynasty. In fact, it was the forerunner of Emperor Wu's transformation of ruling policy.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K234.1
本文编号：2142306
[Abstract]:King King of the Han Dynasty: "Zhou Yuncheng Kang, Han language style and scenery, beautiful!" "since then, the name of Wen Jing Zhi has spread like wildfire, and has been praised by historians of all dynasties. However, historians mostly study the governance of literature and scenery, and tend to focus on the study of Emperor Wen in the Han Dynasty, and King Emperor has become the successor of Emperor Wen's policy because of a phrase "King Emperor obeys industry". It was regarded by the later historians as Xiao Cao followed, and even as the mediocre master. In fact, Emperor Jingdi of the Han Dynasty was by no means mediocre, and his achievements could not only be summed up by the word "obeying karma". During the period of Emperor Wen, Huang-Lao Zhi also accumulated a lot of social problems while resuming social production. Jia Yi pointed out in the Public Security Policy that the princes arrogantly, the Xiongnu invaded the south, was powerful and powerful, and the society was so heavy that the people were all trapped. It is clear that the situation at this time is still "under the accumulated salary of holding fire houses", but these problems were not well solved in the period of Emperor Wen. In view of this, the Emperor Jingdi of the Han Dynasty began to carry out the reform after taking over the throne. The reform of Emperor Jingdi in the Han Dynasty can be divided into two stages. The first stage was Chao Chao's reform. Chao Chao first cracked down on the military Gong Group in order to strengthen the imperial power, but before he had succeeded, he was interrupted by Yuan Ang's bribery case, and King Wu was interrupted by the leak of his rebellious intent, and he had to cut off the vassals in advance. Led to the outbreak of chaos in the Seven Kingdoms, later, the military to rely on the military King King Zhu Zhu Chao Co. Although this reform ended with the death of Chao Cuo, the Emperor Jingdi of the Han Dynasty greatly weakened the emperors of Shandong and established a new force dependent on him. In the second stage, in the middle and late period of King King, the conflict between King Emperor of the Han Dynasty and King of Liang and courtiers broke out again because of the Crown Prince Chestnut incident. This time King King took a more moderate approach and gradually seized military power and weakened the Jungong Group and the kings of the throne. And to further develop the policies of powerful countries: economically, to store wealth in the country, to expand the sources of taxation, to strengthen economic control; to severely punish officials who break the law, to rehabilitate criminal officials, and to strengthen supervision; and militarily, to induce the Xiongnu to descend, and to extensively purchase Ma Yuan. Select a powerful Bian county governor to strengthen the regional defense and counter-attack capabilities of Bian County. The reform of King King not only solved the social problems left by Emperor Wen, but also made great changes in the Han Dynasty. On the other hand, the implementation of the policy of strengthening the armed forces of a large number of rich countries made the national strength of the Han Dynasty rise rapidly, which laid a solid foundation for the prosperous period of the Han Dynasty. In fact, it was the forerunner of Emperor Wu's transformation of ruling policy.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K234.1
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1 刘宇辰;西汉景帝朝改革与汉景帝历史地位新论[D];内蒙古大学;2017年
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