意大利文化遗产保护历史及现状研究
发布时间：2018-09-13 06:49
【摘要】：在今天文化遗产保护与管理已经成为了世界性的课题,世界各国都有自身对于文化遗产管理及保护的方法措施。意大利作为世界文化遗产数目最多的国家之一,既非得自一朝一夕,更非得自某个人或某个团体。对于意大利,文化遗产保护实质上上是一种全民的活动,一种深入人心的事业,在无论个人还是政府那里都得到了高度重视。尤其在进入20世纪以来,意大利政府及社会各界充分意识到文化遗产的珍贵性、不可再生性及不可替代性,矢志于保护文化遗产的完整性与真实性。这种意识转化为行动便是法律、文化宣传、教育等方面措施的多管齐下,逐渐走出了一条优化自身文化资源的、可持续发展之路。二战结束后,意大利各级政府借着历史文化遗产丰厚的优势,大力发展旅游观光第三产业,使之成为国家的支柱产业。意大利全境被联合国教科文组织审定的世界文化遗产、世界自然遗产、世界文化景观遗产,在不到10年的时间里从9项增加到37项。意大利经济发展迅速的一条重要途径便是重视保护本国文化遗产,首先,政府制定并颁布明确的保护法律及措施,合理开发本国文化遗产资源,使之物尽其用;其次,在文化遗产管理中加入了商业模式,将文化遗产的发展融入社会经济体系中,最大程度地发挥出文化遗的价值,使其成为本国经济发展的主要部分。用一保护、二发展的策略最终成功地探索出了既能保持历史文化遗产原貌又能与社会经济可持续发展同步的“双赢”模式。除意大利之外,世界许多其他国家也拥有大量的文化遗产,但在有些国家中,文化遗产的保护与管理存在着很多不足和一系列问题,这会对该国的文化遗产造成巨大损失。单单依靠科技修复手段并不能彻底解决这样的问题,必须要从国家政府层面的保护(法令,政策,资金)和管理(文化遗产的管理模式结构)以及公民文化遗产保护意识等方面出发,才可以真正意义上改善这些问题。在此方面,意大利为我们提供了宝贵的经验和可资借鉴的成功案例。本文便着重对意大利文化遗产保护法律及管理模式进行研究,除介绍文化遗产组成外,梳理了意大利三个重要时期中文化遗产保护法律及相关措施,通过案例分析总结出了意大利文化遗产管理模式,进而对意大利文化遗产保护体系进行了分析探究,得出了在普遍意义上对于文化遗产保护和管理有益的启示。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the protection and management of cultural heritage has become a worldwide issue, and countries all over the world have their own methods and measures for the management and protection of cultural heritage. Italy, one of the world's largest countries of cultural heritage, has to come from a person or a group. For Italy, the preservation of cultural heritage is essentially a national activity, a cause deeply rooted in the hearts and minds of both individuals and governments. Especially since the 20th century, the Italian government and all walks of life are fully aware of the value of cultural heritage, can not be regenerated and irreplaceable, and are determined to protect the integrity and authenticity of cultural heritage. This kind of consciousness transforms into the action is the law, the cultural propaganda, the education and so on aspect measures multi-pronged, has gradually walked an optimized own cultural resources, the sustainable development road. After the end of World War II, the Italian governments at all levels took advantage of the rich advantages of historical and cultural heritage to vigorously develop tourism and tourism tertiary industry, making it a pillar industry of the country. The number of World Cultural Heritage, World Natural Heritage and World Cultural Landscape Heritage approved by UNESCO has increased from 9 to 37 in less than 10 years. An important way for the rapid economic development of Italy is to attach importance to the protection of the country's cultural heritage. First, the Government has formulated and promulgated clear laws and measures for the protection of the country's cultural heritage resources, so as to make the best use of the country's cultural heritage resources. In the management of cultural heritage, the business model is added, the development of cultural heritage is integrated into the social economic system, and the value of cultural heritage is brought into play to the maximum extent, making it the main part of the economic development of our country. With the strategy of "one protection" and "two development", the "win-win" mode, which can not only maintain the original appearance of historical and cultural heritage but also keep pace with the sustainable development of social economy, has been successfully explored. In addition to Italy, many other countries in the world also have a large number of cultural heritage, but in some countries, there are many deficiencies and a series of problems in the protection and management of cultural heritage, which will cause great losses to the cultural heritage of that country. Science and technology alone can't solve this problem completely. It has to be protected at the national government level (decrees, policies, Capital) and management (the structure of management mode of cultural heritage) as well as citizens' consciousness of cultural heritage protection can improve these problems in a real sense. In this regard, Italy has provided us with valuable experience and success stories. In addition to introducing the composition of cultural heritage, this paper focuses on the study of Italian cultural heritage protection law and management model, combing the Italian three important periods of cultural heritage protection laws and related measures. This paper summarizes the Italian cultural heritage management model through case analysis, and then analyzes and explores the Italian cultural heritage protection system, and draws useful enlightenment for the cultural heritage protection and management in the general sense.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G154.6
本文编号：2240397
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the protection and management of cultural heritage has become a worldwide issue, and countries all over the world have their own methods and measures for the management and protection of cultural heritage. Italy, one of the world's largest countries of cultural heritage, has to come from a person or a group. For Italy, the preservation of cultural heritage is essentially a national activity, a cause deeply rooted in the hearts and minds of both individuals and governments. Especially since the 20th century, the Italian government and all walks of life are fully aware of the value of cultural heritage, can not be regenerated and irreplaceable, and are determined to protect the integrity and authenticity of cultural heritage. This kind of consciousness transforms into the action is the law, the cultural propaganda, the education and so on aspect measures multi-pronged, has gradually walked an optimized own cultural resources, the sustainable development road. After the end of World War II, the Italian governments at all levels took advantage of the rich advantages of historical and cultural heritage to vigorously develop tourism and tourism tertiary industry, making it a pillar industry of the country. The number of World Cultural Heritage, World Natural Heritage and World Cultural Landscape Heritage approved by UNESCO has increased from 9 to 37 in less than 10 years. An important way for the rapid economic development of Italy is to attach importance to the protection of the country's cultural heritage. First, the Government has formulated and promulgated clear laws and measures for the protection of the country's cultural heritage resources, so as to make the best use of the country's cultural heritage resources. In the management of cultural heritage, the business model is added, the development of cultural heritage is integrated into the social economic system, and the value of cultural heritage is brought into play to the maximum extent, making it the main part of the economic development of our country. With the strategy of "one protection" and "two development", the "win-win" mode, which can not only maintain the original appearance of historical and cultural heritage but also keep pace with the sustainable development of social economy, has been successfully explored. In addition to Italy, many other countries in the world also have a large number of cultural heritage, but in some countries, there are many deficiencies and a series of problems in the protection and management of cultural heritage, which will cause great losses to the cultural heritage of that country. Science and technology alone can't solve this problem completely. It has to be protected at the national government level (decrees, policies, Capital) and management (the structure of management mode of cultural heritage) as well as citizens' consciousness of cultural heritage protection can improve these problems in a real sense. In this regard, Italy has provided us with valuable experience and success stories. In addition to introducing the composition of cultural heritage, this paper focuses on the study of Italian cultural heritage protection law and management model, combing the Italian three important periods of cultural heritage protection laws and related measures. This paper summarizes the Italian cultural heritage management model through case analysis, and then analyzes and explores the Italian cultural heritage protection system, and draws useful enlightenment for the cultural heritage protection and management in the general sense.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G154.6
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