认知语言学视角下的英汉心理使役动词对比研究

发布时间：2018-11-25 17:44

【摘要】：心理使役动词在英汉语言中广泛存在,因其语义、句法的特殊性以及它与说话者情感状态紧密相关,引起了国内外学者的普遍关注与研究。本文基于语料实例,从认知语言学视角下的图形背景理论对英汉心理使役动词从形态学和句法学两个方面进行对比,旨在归纳总结英汉心理使役动词的异同之处。在梳理前期中外心理使役动词的研究理论之后,文章在主体部分,即第四章从形态学和句法学两个层面进行对比。结果发现,首先在形态学方面,就英汉心理使役动词的构成来看,普遍存在三种构词方式:使役词汇化、使役同形转换以及复合使役。通过在COCA和CCL语料库的实例搜索,作者发现英语心理使役动词主要由使役词汇化和使役同形转换构成,缺失复合使役,然而在汉语心理使役动词中,主要是由使役同形转换以及复合使役构成,缺失使役词汇化。在此现象的基础上,作者尝试运用图形背景理论进行解释这一现象的原因。作者认为在英汉心理使役动词的构成中,尤其在英语的使役词汇化和汉语的复合使役中,图形背景现象普遍,而且在这两项中,词根是图形,词缀是背景,换而言之,引起心理状态的部分是背景,表示心理状态的词是图形。因为在这类词中,决定他们意思的是词根,具有决定性作用,符合人们认知方式。其次,在句法学方面,英汉心理使役动词在句法上的比较首先考虑的是句子主语和宾语的选择,英汉语关于这一点基本保持一致,认为在使役心理动词句中,主语既可以是使役动作或行为的发出者,也可以是导致宾语产生某种心理变化的主要原因。宾语是动作或者行为的真正发出者,是使役心理动词使用成立的必要条件,所以宾语既是主语作用的对象,是结果的发出者,大部分宾语都是和人或者人相关的事物。另一方面,文章从句子结构探讨英汉心理使役动词。作者归纳总结发现,汉语常用的关于心理使役动词的句型:NP1+VP+NP2,NP2+很+VP以及汉语所特有的"把"和"被"句型。英语常见的关于心理使役动词的句型有NP1+VP+NP2,NP1+VP+P+NP2和NP2+VP。文章更尝试运用Talmy的图形背景理论的因果原则、依存原则和时序原则对英汉语中共存的NP1+VP+NP2句式进行分析。因为心理使役动词存在逻辑上的因果关系,结合图形背景的观点可以看出,NP1是背景,NP2是图形。文章从词素和句法层面分析了英汉心理使役动词之后,归纳总结出英汉心理使役动词总体来说差异性大于相似性。这是因为心理使役动词和语言使用者的主观程度,对世界的认知以及民族习惯紧密相关。首先在词素层面,英语心理使役动词主要是由词汇化形成,而汉语则是通过迂回使役结构来表达。在句法层面,除了英汉两种共有的表达方式:迂回使役结构以及NP1+VP+NP2之外,汉语拥有更多的句式表达。
[Abstract]:Psychological causative verbs exist widely in English and Chinese. Because of their semantic, syntactic particularity and their close relationship with the emotional state of the speaker, psychological causative verbs have attracted the attention and research of scholars both at home and abroad. Based on corpus examples, this paper contrasts the morphological and syntactic aspects of psychological causative verbs in English and Chinese from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, in order to sum up the similarities and differences between English and Chinese psychological causative verbs. After combing the previous theories of psychological causative verbs in China and abroad, this paper compares them in the main part, that is, the fourth chapter, from the two aspects of morphology and syntax. The results show that, first of all, in terms of morphology, there are generally three forms of word-formation in English and Chinese psychological causative verbs: causative lexicalization, causative homomorphic transformation and compound causation. Through a case study of COCA and CCL corpus, the author finds that English psychological causative verbs are mainly composed of causative lexicalization and causative homomorphism, and lack of compound causation, but in Chinese psychological causative verbs. It is mainly composed of congenial transformation and compound causation, and the absence of causative lexicalization. On the basis of this phenomenon, the author tries to explain the reason of this phenomenon by using graphic background theory. The author holds that in the formation of psychological causative verbs in English and Chinese, especially in the lexicalization of English and Chinese, the phenomenon of graphic background is common, and in these two terms, the root is a figure, and the affix is the background. The part that causes the state of mind is the background, and the word for the state of mind is the figure. Because in this kind of words, it is the root that determines their meaning, which is decisive and accords with the way people perceive it. Secondly, in syntactic aspect, the syntactic comparison between English and Chinese psychological causative verbs is mainly concerned with the choice of sentence subject and object. Subject can be not only the issuer of causative action or behavior, but also the main cause of the psychological change of object. Object is the real issuer of action or behavior and the necessary condition for the use of mental verbs. So the object is not only the object of the subject but also the issuer of the result most of the objects are related to people or people. On the other hand, this paper discusses English and Chinese psychological causative verbs from sentence structure. The author sums up and finds that NP1 VP NP2,NP2 is very VP and the special sentence patterns of "Ba" and "be" in Chinese. The common sentence patterns of mental causative verbs in English are NP1 VP NP2,NP1 VP P NP2 and NP2 VP. The paper also tries to analyze the coexistence of NP1 VP NP2 sentence patterns in English and Chinese by using the causality principle, dependency principle and temporal principle of Talmy's graphic background theory. Because psychological causality exists in logic, we can see that NP1 is the background and NP2 is the graph. This paper analyzes the psychological causative verbs in English and Chinese from the morpheme and syntactic levels, and concludes that the differences of the psychological causative verbs in English and Chinese are greater than the similarities in general. This is because the subjective degree of psychological causative verbs and language users, cognition of the world and national habits are closely related. First of all, at morpheme level, English psychological causative verbs are mainly formed by lexicalization, while Chinese is expressed through circuitous causative structures. At the syntactic level, there are more syntactic expressions in Chinese than in English and Chinese: circuitous causative structure and NP1 VP NP2.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.2;H314.2

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