汉语纵予连词演变研究

发布时间：2018-11-27 13:00

【摘要】：本文首先从历时发展的角度,考察了汉语纵予连词从上古、中古到近代、现代的纵向流变情况,整理出汉语中使用频率高、分布范围广、历时久、较典型的18个纵予连词,即“即、虽、纵、正、饶、就、即使、即便、虽复、虽则、纵使、纵然、正使、正复、直饶、就是、就算、哪(那)怕”。其次,围绕这18个词,对汉语纵予连词的语法演变进行了深入研究,主要从两个方面展开:一是对其演变历程作了大致梳理。二是对其演变条件及机制作了重点考察。通过考察发现,句法条件是语法演变的基础和前提,语义特点决定了语法演变的大致方向,语用环境确认了演变完成阶段词的新语法意义和功能。隐喻映射、认知推理、重新分析以及主观化等是主要的演变机制。最后,归纳出汉语纵予连词的演变特点。就演变途径来说,单音节纵予连词主要有两条:一是副词虚化,二是动词虚化。双音节纵予连词也主要有两条:一是语素合成,又可细分为两类:(1)同(近)义复合;(2)附加合成。二是词汇化,又可细分为四类:(1)短语;(2)句法结构;(3)跨层结构;(4)联合结构。就演变条件及机制来说,语言内部因素是内在条件和基础,人的认知推理活动是直接动因和机制。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of diachronic development, this paper first examines the longitudinal evolution of Chinese vertical preconjunctions from ancient, middle to modern times, sorting out the 18 longitudinal conjunctions used in Chinese with high frequency, wide distribution, long duration, and more typical. That is, even, even though, even if, is, that is, even if, which is (that) afraid. Secondly, the grammatical evolution of Chinese vertical preconjunctions is studied in depth around these 18 words, mainly from two aspects: firstly, the evolution of Chinese preconjunctions is roughly combed out. The second is to its evolution condition and mechanism have made the key inspection. It is found that syntactic conditions are the basis and premise of grammatical evolution, semantic characteristics determine the general direction of grammatical evolution, and pragmatic context confirms the new grammatical meaning and function of words in the completion stage of evolution. Metaphorical mapping, cognitive reasoning, reanalysis and subjectivization are the main evolutionary mechanisms. Finally, the evolution characteristics of Chinese vertical preconjunctions are summarized. As far as the way of evolution is concerned, monosyllabic vertical conjunctions have two main points: one is the empty adverb, the other is the verb vacuity. There are also two kinds of disyllabic longitudinal conjunctions: one is morpheme synthesis, which can be subdivided into two categories: (1) synonym and (2) additive synthesis. The second is lexicalization, which can be subdivided into four categories: (1) phrase; (2) syntactic structure; (3) cross layer structure; (4) joint structure. In terms of evolution conditions and mechanisms, the internal factors of language are the internal conditions and the basis, and the human cognitive reasoning activities are the direct motivation and mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H14

【参考文献】