太湖地区崧泽文化中期到良渚文化早期的社会分化与生产分工研究

发布时间：2019-04-22 18:55

【摘要】：太湖地区有着极具地域特色的文明化道路,学界一般认同在良渚文化阶段,复杂的社会结构、极高的物质文化水平显示出太湖地区这时已经进入早期文明社会。本文选取了崧泽文化中期到良渚文化早期这一文明社会形成时期的关键时段,以墓葬随葬品、遗址出土的生产工具为切入点,通过对聚落的个案分析来探究良渚文化的社会发展进程等问题,从横向的遗址对比、纵向的历时观察两个角度,来讨论文明演进的模式等相关问题。本文共分六部分。绪论:回顾崧泽文化研究历程,将学术史划分为三个阶段。总结在研究过程中存在的问题,由此提出本文的选题缘由,并就文中需要澄清的问题做出说明,界定了论文的时空框架。第一章:文化分期及分区。根据不同遗址相同时间段内的器物将崧泽文化中期至良渚文化早期划分为连续的四段,分别为崧泽文化中期、崧泽文化晚期、崧泽文化末期与良渚文化早期,将这些遗址的不同发展阶段进行了对应,为下面的行文做了铺垫。界定了关于"过渡遗存"的性质,根据不同区域的文化特征,将太湖地区的崧泽文化中期至良渚文化早期划分为五个小的文化分区。第二章:社会分化的进程。以太湖地区不同区域的六个遗址作为典型个案,分别进行了聚落内部的等级分化、随葬品构成与等级表现形式方面的研究,也关注了玉器在不同时间段内的功能和变化。第三章:生产分工的演变。根据生产工具的分布与组合考察了崧泽中期至良渚早期低等级聚落的生产分工情况,总结生产型社会的特征,并比较了生产型社会与非生产型社会在分工与等级分化方面的不同。关注性别在生产领域的表现形式,简要论述了性别在社会分工中的作用。第四章:生产分工在社会分化进程中的作用。对比了生产型社会与非生产型社会中生产分工在社会分化过程中的作用,认为在更加重视生产活动的生产型社会中,不同的生产类型已然是形成等级分化的重要准则。结语:概括崧泽文化中期到良渚文化早期低等级聚落中社会分化与生产分工的阶段性特点和历时性变化。本文认为太湖地区文明演进的关键节点在于崧泽末期;社会分化存在三个层次,等级演变从较为平等的各社会单位内部开始,扩展至社会单位之间,最后在不同等级的社会单位内部,成员之间的等级分化进一步明确;社会分工始终存在于从崧泽中期到良渚早期的各聚落中,生产型社会中生产活动与生产分工对等级分化的重要性一直延续。最后就以后研究中的发展方向提出了自己的看法。
[Abstract]:Taihu Lake area has a civilized road with regional characteristics. Scholars generally agree that at the stage of Liangzhu culture complex social structure and very high material and cultural level show that Taihu Lake area has entered the early civilized society at this time. This paper selects the key period from the middle period of Songze culture to the early stage of Liangzhu culture, taking the burial objects and the tools of production unearthed from the site as the starting point. This paper probes into the social development process of Liangzhu culture through the case analysis of settlements, and discusses the mode of civilization evolution from the perspective of horizontal site comparison and longitudinal diachronic observation. This paper is divided into six parts. Introduction: reviewing the research course of Songze culture, dividing the academic history into three stages. This paper summarizes the problems existing in the research process, puts forward the reasons for choosing the topic, explains the problems that need to be clarified in the paper, and defines the space-time frame of the paper. Chapter 1: division and division of culture. According to the objects in the same period of time at different sites, the mid-Songze culture to the early Liangzhu culture were divided into four consecutive stages: the middle Songze culture, the late Songze culture and the early Liangzhu culture. The different stages of development of these sites have been mapped to pave the way for the following text. According to the cultural characteristics of different regions, the Songze culture in Taihu Lake area was divided into five small cultural zones from the middle stage of Songze culture to the early stage of Liangzhu culture. Chapter two: the process of social differentiation. Taking six sites in different regions of Taihu Lake as a typical case, this paper studies the classification, composition and expression of the objects in the settlement, and also pays attention to the function and change of jade in different time periods. Chapter three: the evolution of production division of labor. According to the distribution and combination of production tools, this paper investigates the production division of labor in low-grade settlements from mid-Songze to early Liangzhu, and summarizes the characteristics of productive society. The differences of division of labor and hierarchy between productive society and non-productive society are compared. Focusing on the manifestation of gender in production, this paper briefly discusses the role of gender in social division of labor. Chapter four: the role of production division of labor in the process of social differentiation. This paper compares the role of productive division of labor in the process of social differentiation between productive society and non-productive society, and holds that in the productive society which pays more attention to productive activities, different types of production are already important criteria for the formation of hierarchical differentiation. Conclusion: summarize the periodic characteristics and diachronic changes of social differentiation and production division in the low-grade settlements from the middle Songze culture to the early Liangzhu culture. This paper argues that the key node of civilization evolution in Taihu Lake lies in the late Songze period. There are three levels of social differentiation. The hierarchical evolution starts from the more equal social units and extends to the social units. Finally, in the different levels of social units, the hierarchical differentiation among members is further clarified. The social division of labor has always existed in the settlements from mid-Songze to the early Liangzhu period. The importance of production activities and division of labor to grade differentiation in productive society has been continued. Finally, the author puts forward his own views on the development direction of the future research.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K878

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