不同年龄阶段学生观点采择与内隐利他倾向关系的比较研究

发布时间：2019-05-17 20:52

【摘要】：观点采择是指个体根据当前或先前的信息,将自己和他人的观点区别开来,进而对他人的观点或思想等作出准确的推断,是个体在社会化过程中的一种最为重要的社会认知能力之一。观点采择能力不仅能体现个体在自我、社会态度、人际交往质量等方面的认知发展水平,还能将个体社会认知的不同方面紧密联系起来。利他主义是人类社会化过程中的另一个重要的部分,利他在本质上指个体作出具有较少的自我中心主义的决定,而观点采择能够引发更多的利他主义和更少的自我中心主义,观点采择能否有效预测内隐利他倾向是一个值得探讨的问题。本研究由三个研究构成:研究一运用内隐关系评估程序对小学生、初中生和大学生的观点采择进行了研究,结果表明:年龄对观点采择灵活性有一定影响,整体来说,随着年龄的增长,观点采择能力是逐步成熟的,初中阶段是观点采择发展的关键阶段。小学生、初中生和大学生在两种实验任务上的性别差异表现不同。个体倾向于从自我角度出发作出反应,当转换为从他人的角度作出反应时,就需要观点采择的灵活性,小学生的观点采择灵活性相对较差。研究二同样运用内隐关系评估程序对小学生、初中生和大学生的内隐利他倾向进行了研究,结果显示内隐利他倾向普遍存在,年龄和性别差异显著。研究三对观点采择和内隐利他倾向的相关关系进行了研究,结果表明,无论在哪个年龄组,观点采择灵活性和内隐利他倾向呈显著的负相关,以观点采择为预测变量,内隐利他倾向为被预测变量进行回归分析,都得到了有效的回归方程模型。
[Abstract]:Opinion selection refers to the fact that an individual distinguishes himself from the views of others according to current or previous information, and then makes an accurate inference of the views or thoughts of others. It is one of the most important social cognitive abilities of individuals in the process of socialization. The ability of point of view selection can not only reflect the cognitive development level of individuals in self, social attitude, interpersonal communication quality and so on, but also closely link different aspects of individual social cognition. Altruism is another important part of the process of human socialization. Altruism essentially refers to the individual making less egocentric decisions, and the choice of views can lead to more altruism and less egocentrism. Whether the choice of viewpoint can effectively predict the tendency of implicit altruism is a question worthy of discussion. This study consists of three studies: first, the implicit relationship assessment procedure is used to study the perspective selection of primary school students, junior high school students and college students. The results show that age has a certain impact on the flexibility of point of view selection. As a whole, With the increase of age, the ability of viewpoint selection is gradually mature, and the junior high school stage is the key stage of the development of viewpoint selection. The gender differences between primary school students, junior high school students and college students in the two experimental tasks are different. Individuals tend to react from their own point of view. When they switch to respond from the point of view of others, they need the flexibility of point of view selection, while the flexibility of primary school students' point of view selection is relatively poor. In the second study, the implicit altruistic tendency of primary school students, junior high school students and college students was also studied by using implicit relationship assessment program. The results showed that implicit altruism was common and there were significant differences in age and sex. In this paper, three pairs of correlation between viewpoint selection and implicit altruism are studied. the results show that there is a significant negative correlation between viewpoint selection flexibility and implicit altruism in any age group, and viewpoint selection is used as a predictive variable. Implicit altruism tends to be predicted by regression analysis, and effective regression equation models are obtained.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844

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