草菇（Volvariella volvacea）YL-93液体菌种及熟料栽培研究

发布时间：2017-12-26 20:30

本文关键词：草菇（Volvariella volvacea）YL-93液体菌种及熟料栽培研究　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：草菇(Volvariella volvacea)起源于中国,是食用菌家族中重要的成员,有中国蘑菇之称,深受百姓喜爱。作为高温型菌类,草菇主要在夏季种植。目前草菇生产主要运用固体接种发酵料栽培的方法,开放式发酵质量难以控制,生产稳定性较差,同时固体菌种存在菌龄不一致等缺点,这些都是导致其产量较低的原因,因此改进草菇栽培技术尤为重要。本试验从原料配方和栽培方式等环节入手,对草菇液体菌种培养基及培养条件进行优化,尝试用液体菌种代替固体菌种,用熟料栽培代替发酵料栽培。主要研究结果如下:(1)通过ITS分子测序并结合菌丝形态特征,鉴定菌株YL-93为草菇(Volvariella volvacea)。(2)根据菌丝生长情况为指标,筛选出YL-93菌株最佳母种培养基的配方为P5:去皮马铃薯200g/L,麸皮50g/L,葡萄糖20g/L,琼脂粉20g/L,pH 7.5。筛选出最佳YL-93菌株的固体原种培养基配方为麦粒98%,硫酸钙2%。(3)通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定YL-93菌株的液体菌种培养基最佳配方为:葡萄糖 15g/L,酵母浸粉 6g/L,MgSO4·7H20 1.5g/L,KH2PO40.5g/L。对 YL-93 菌株液体菌种培养条件进行优化,最佳条件为接种量为5%(v/v),初始pH为7～7.5,250mL三角瓶装液量为75～100mL,30℃避光振荡培养60h。有效菌丝球数量可达45个/mL,菌丝干重达到5mg/mL。(4)在熟料栽培草菇试验中,相同条件下,液体接种菌丝长满菌袋的时间约为9天,而固体接种所需为15天;液体接种原基形成时间约为12天,而固体接种所需为19天;与固体接种相比,液体接种产量提高近28.6%。(5)对玉米秸秆和稻草的不同配比进行熟料栽培YL-93菌株试验,以草菇鲜重为指标,确定最佳原料配比为粉碎玉米秸秆44%,粉碎稻草44%,麦麸10%,CaSO4 2%;采用响应面法确定熟料栽培草菇最佳条件为,用质量分数为3.2%的氢氧化钙浸泡原材料24小时,栽培料含水量为71.3%,液体菌种接种量为4.8%,在此条件下草菇理论产量为22.47g/袋;经过批量验证试验,所得草菇平均产量为21.85g/袋。
[Abstract]:Mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) originated in China, is an important member of the family of edible fungus, mushrooms Chinese have known, loved by the people. As the high temperature fungus, mainly in summer planting mushroom. The method of straw mushroom production mainly uses solid inoculation fermentation of culture, it is difficult to control the quality of open type fermentation production, poor stability, and solid strain age inconsistent shortcomings exist, these are the causes of low yield, so the improvement of mushroom cultivation technology is particularly important. This experiment from the link of raw material formula and cultivation methods of optimized culture medium and culture conditions on mushroom liquid spawn, try to use liquid spawn instead of solid strain, using clinker cultivation instead of fermentation cultivation. The main results are as follows: (1) by ITS molecular sequencing combined with morphological characteristics, strain YL-93 was identified as mushroom (Volvariella volvacea). (2) according to the growth condition of mycelia, the best medium of YL-93 was screened out, the formula was P5: peel potato 200g/L, wheat bran 50g/L, glucose 20g/L, agar powder 20g/L, pH 7.5. The optimum medium for the screening of the best YL-93 strain was 98% of wheat grain and 2% of calcium sulphate. (3) through single factor test and orthogonal test, the best formula of liquid culture medium for YL-93 strain was determined as follows: glucose 15g/L, yeast extract powder 6g/L, MgSO4, 7H20 1.5g/L, KH2PO40.5g/L. The culture conditions of YL-93 strain liquid strain were optimized. The best condition was inoculation quantity 5% (v/v), initial pH 7 ~ 7.5250mL, triangle bottled liquid volume 75 ~ 100mL, 30 degree light avoiding oscillation and culture 60H. Effective pellet number can reach 45 /mL, the dry weight of mycelium reached 5mg/mL. (4) in the clinker mushroom cultivation experiment, under the same condition, the liquid inoculation was covered with mycelia jundai time is about 9 days, while the solid vaccinations required for 15 days; the liquid inoculation primordium formation time is about 12 days, while the solid vaccinations required for 19 days; compared with solid inoculation, inoculation liquid yield increased nearly 28.6%. (5) with different proportions of corn straw and straw of clinker cultivation YL-93 strain test, the mushroom fresh weight index, the best ratio of raw materials for grinding corn straw 44%, crushed straw 44%, wheat bran 10%, CaSO4 2%; the clinker mushroom cultivation optimum condition for the response surface method, with the mass fraction of calcium hydroxide soaking the raw materials of the 3.2% 24 hours of cultivation material moisture content is 71.3%, the liquid spawn inoculation was 4.8% and the yield of mushroom theory under this condition is 22.47g/ bag; through the batch test, the average yield of the straw mushroom 21.85g/ bag.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S646.13

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