秦岭竹林结构与营养特征及与大熊猫季节分布关系的研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 05:04

本文关键词：秦岭竹林结构与营养特征及与大熊猫季节分布关系的研究　出处：《清华大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：竹子是大熊猫主要的食物来源,是其生存的基础。本研究采集并测定了秦岭南坡中段地区大熊猫主食竹(秦岭箭竹、巴山木竹、龙头竹)的株高、基径、竹林密度,以及7种矿质营养(铜、锌、铁、锰、钾、钙、镁)、4种常规营养(粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、总糖)的含量。计算了竹种、竹子部位、海拔、季节因子对各结构和营养物质的影响情况。本文结合了大熊猫的季节性分布情况与主食竹的营养,利用随机森林模型得到各营养物质在大熊猫季节迁移活动中的重要值,进而比较不同营养的重要性差异。研究结果如下:1、株高、基径和竹林密度在三种竹种间均具有显著差异。其中巴山木竹的基径、株高最大;秦岭箭竹的竹林密度最大;龙头竹的均匀度、整齐度最高。三个海拔带中,秦岭箭竹在中间海拔的株高和基径最大,且整齐度最高;在高海拔的竹林密度、均匀度最大,且竹林密度随海拔升高而增加。巴山木竹在低海拔的株高、基径、均匀度最大,整齐度在过渡带最高。秦岭箭竹和巴山木竹均表现出在过渡带的基径、株高最小的特点。巴山木竹低海拔的基径与株高相关性最高,低海拔的龙头竹竹林基径与株高相关性最低。2、本研究测得了主食竹中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、总糖、铜、锌、铁、锰、钾、钙、镁11种营养物质,平均值分别为:5.63%、3.51%、43.60%、1.85%、11.72mg/kg、21.12 mg/kg、269.85 mg/kg、208.53 mg/kg、7917.11 mg/kg、3178.11 mg/kg、1381.72 mg/kg。巴山木竹是营养含量最高的竹种;低海拔是营养含量最高的海拔带;营养含量按季节排序为春季?秋季?夏季;竹叶的营养最高,其次是竹枝、竹笋、多年生杆和一年生杆。各海拔带营养物质的季节变化规律相同,铜、锌、粗脂肪在春季最高,粗纤维在春季最低;铁在夏季最高;锰、镁在秋季最高。春季低海拔的巴山木竹和龙头竹、夏季高海拔的秦岭箭竹在当季均具有明显的营养优势,但是秋季低海拔巴山木竹和龙头竹优势不明显。3、大熊猫的夏居地和冬居地的海拔范围间存在显著性差异。随机森林模型结果显示,全年主食竹中粗蛋白、锰、镁的含量对大熊猫季节性迁移具有重要影响;春、夏两个季节,竹笋中的营养物质在模型中具有较高的重要值。本研究中竹林株高、基径、密度均在三种主食竹中具有显著差异,过渡带竹林结构指标低于其余海拔带。巴山木竹在三种主食竹种营养水平最高,春季是三个季节中营养水平最高的季节,所有部位中竹叶营养含量最高,低海拔的巴山木竹和龙头竹在各海拔带中营养水平最高。主食竹中的粗蛋白、锰、镁与大熊猫季节性分布的关系较大。
[Abstract]:Bamboo is the main source of food for the giant panda, and it is the basis for its survival. This research collection and determination of staple food bamboo of giant panda in Qinling Mountains area of the middle section of South (Qinling Mountains bamboo, Bashania fargesii, Long Touzhu) the height, basal diameter, bamboo density, and 7 kinds of mineral nutrients (copper, zinc, iron, manganese, potassium, calcium and magnesium), 4 normal nutrition (crude protein and crude fat, crude fiber, total sugar content). The effects of bamboo species, bamboo parts, altitude and seasonal factors on the structure and nutrients were calculated. Based on the seasonal distribution of giant pandas and the nutrition of staple food bamboo, the random forest models were used to get the important values of nutrients in the giant panda's seasonal migration activities, and then to compare the importance differences of different nutrients. The results are as follows: 1, plant height, base diameter and bamboo density have significant differences among the three kinds of bamboos. The Bashania fargesii diameter, maximum plant height; Qinling Mountains bamboo bamboo density; leading bamboo uniformity, uniformity of the highest. Three altitude zones in Qinling Mountains bamboo in the middle altitude height and basal diameter of the largest, and the highest density and uniformity; in the high altitude bamboo evenness, and bamboo density increased with increasing elevation. A. fargesii in low altitude height, base diameter, uniformity, uniformity in the transition zone of the highest. Qinling Mountains bamboo and Bashania fargesii showed in the transition zone of the base diameter and minimum strain characteristics. A. fargesii low altitude base diameter and plant height was the highest, the leading medium low altitude bamboo bamboo diameter and plant height, the lowest correlation. 2, this study measured with staple food bamboo crude protein, crude fat, total sugar, crude fiber, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, potassium, calcium, magnesium, 11 kinds of nutrients, average values were 5.63%, 3.51%, 43.60%, 1.85%, 11.72mg/kg, 21.12 mg/kg, 269.85 mg/kg, 208.53 mg/kg, 7917.11 mg/kg, 3178.11 mg/kg, 1381.72 mg/kg. A. fargesii is the nutritional content of the highest bamboo species; low altitude is the highest nutrient content; nutrient content according to season ranking for the spring summer autumn??; bamboo nutrition is highest, followed by bamboo, bamboo shoots, perennial and annual bar bar. The seasonal variation of nutrients in all elevations is the same. The copper, zinc and crude fat are the highest in spring, and the coarse fiber is the lowest in spring. Iron is the highest in summer, and manganese and magnesium are the highest in autumn. In the low altitude and Bashania fargesii bamboo, bamboo in the summer high altitude of Qinling Mountains has obvious advantages when season nutrition, but in low altitude Bashania fargesii bamboo and the advantage is not obvious. 3, the giant panda Judi summer and in winter there are significant differences between the altitude range. The results of random forest model showed that the contents of crude protein, manganese and magnesium in the staple food had an important impact on the seasonal migration of giant pandas throughout the year. In spring and summer two seasons, the nutrients in bamboo shoots had high value in the model. In this study, the height, base diameter and density of bamboo forest have significant differences in three kinds of staple bamboo, and the structure index of the transition zone bamboo forest is lower than that of the other altitudes. Bashania fargesii in three kinds of staple food bamboo nutrition level is the highest, spring is the season of the three seasons, the highest level of nutrition, nutrition content of leaves in all parts of the highest, low altitude Bashania fargesii and bamboo in different altitude zones in the highest level of nutrition. The crude protein, manganese and magnesium in the staple bamboo are closely related to the seasonal distribution of the giant panda.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S795;S865.3

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