农业秸秆资源化综合利用环境经济效益研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 11:00

  本文关键词：农业秸秆资源化综合利用环境经济效益研究　出处：《浙江理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 资源化利用 生态经济模型 废弃物处理 农业秸秆

【摘要】：我国自改革开放以来粮食产量呈现出来不断增长的趋势,与之相对应的是农业秸秆的产量也越来越多。虽然肥料化等方式处理的秸秆的比例在逐年提高,但是我国每年仍然有数亿吨的秸秆得不到有效的处理,严重破坏了水源土壤等生态环境。就算是在已处理的秸秆中,有80%左右的秸秆都是用于粗放处理,而通过精细处理的秸秆数量少之又少,间接地造成了巨大的经济损失。在大力发展现代化农业的趋势中,在既要金山银山又要绿水青山的倡导下,深入分析研究秸秆的综合处理方式及其对生态环境和经济发展所产生的影响是很有必要的。为解决上述问题,本文首先通过对农业秸秆资源化处理方式的理论和实践研究,分析了国内外在研究秸秆综合利用方面的最新进展与结果,总结了农业生态经济模型的发展历史、应用特点和建模方法等基本情况。然后描述了我国目前秸秆的数量、种类及地区分布等现状,分析了我国目前秸秆主要的处理方式、不当处理产生的经济损失和环境危害、不当处理方式背后的深层次原因以及国家和地方在秸秆处理工作方面出台的政策措施。接着以浙江广诚生物有限公司为例聚焦秸秆基料化处理所产生的经济和生态效益,根据该公司的生产数据设置变量、建立具体的生态经济模型,并使用生态经济模型对其经营活动进行优化分析,并将优化结果与实际数据作对比。在此基础上通过多个生产条件的变化来设置不同的情景,通过生态经济模型计算出该公司在这些情景中的生产数据,根据分析结果为未来可能发生的变动做出预测,最后综合分析结果得出结论。经过生态经济模型的计算分析后发现,主产品价格和生产规模会对净利润产生不同形式的正面影响,棉籽壳、人工成本和秸秆等原材料价格会对净利润产生多种形式的负面影响。具体而言就是,当主产品价格提高时,净利润呈现出先下降后上升的U型走势,且增长速度越来越快,因此其经济效益最明显;当生产规模逐步扩大时,净利润也是逐步提高但增幅逐渐增大即表现出凹曲线的增长走势,同时处理的农业秸秆数量也大幅增长,因此其生态效益最明显。在原材料价格中,棉籽壳和人工成本与净利润都呈现出近似线性的负相关关系,但是人工成本对净利润的影响程度更大即图形的走势更加陡峭。秸秆价格对利润的影响则是最不规则的,存在多个“阈值”现象,表现在净利润对秸秆价格的图像上,则是当秸秆价格在某个阈值范围内时图形呈现出近似线性的反向走势,而当秸秆价格突破该阈值后图形虽然也表现出近似线性的反向走势,但是其陡峭程度与其他阈值下的图形都不同,因此秸秆价格对净利润的影响也是最复杂的。这些研究结果说明了国家要制定与生态环境相配合的农业政策,加大对农业秸秆资源化综合利用的政策、技术和资金支持,积极推动生态经济的和谐发展等。
[Abstract]:Since China's reform and opening to the outside world, the grain output has shown a growing trend, and the output of agricultural straw is more and more. Although the proportion of straw processed by fertilizers has been increasing year by year, there are still hundreds of millions of tons of straw in China can not get effective treatment every year, which seriously destroys the ecological environment such as water source and soil. Even in the treated straw, about 80% of the straw is used for extensive treatment, and the number of straw processed by meticulous treatment is very few, which indirectly causes huge economic losses. In developing modern agriculture in the trend, in both gold and silver and beautiful scenery under the initiative, analyzes the impact of straw and comprehensive treatment of the ecological environment and economic development which is very necessary. To solve the above problems, this paper based on the theory and practice of agricultural straw resources on processing mode, analyzed the new progress and results at home and abroad in the study of comprehensive utilization of straw, summarizes the basic situation of agricultural eco economic model of the development history, application characteristics and modeling method. Then describe the current straw quantity, species and distribution in China, analyzes the policies and measures, the main processing straw in China improper treatment causes economic loss and environmental damage, improper disposal way behind and national and local work in the introduction of the straw at. And then to the Zhejiang kwongshing biological Co. Ltd for example focusing straw base material produced the economic and ecological benefits, according to the production data of the company set variables, establishing ecological economic model of concrete, and the use of ecological economic model of the operation optimization analysis, and the optimization results are compared with the actual data. On this basis, different scenarios are set up through the change of multiple production conditions, and the production data of these companies in these scenarios are calculated through the eco economic model. Based on the analysis results, we can make predictions for possible future changes. Finally, the conclusion is drawn from the comprehensive analysis. After calculation and analysis of the eco economic model, it is found that the main product price and production scale will have different positive effects on net profit. The price of raw material, such as cottonseed hull, labor cost and straw, will have various forms of negative effects on net profit. Specifically, when the product price increases, the net profit showed a decrease of U after the rising trend, which grows faster and faster, so the economic benefit is the most obvious; when gradually expand the scale of production, net profit is gradually increased but the growth rate gradually increases as the concave curve of growth trend. At the same time, the number of agricultural straw treatment also increased significantly, so the most obvious ecological benefits. In the price of raw materials, cottonseed hull and labor cost have a nearly linear negative correlation with net profit, but labor cost has greater impact on net profit, that is, the trend of graph is more steep. Effect of straw prices on profits is the most irregular, there are a number of "threshold" phenomenon, manifested in the net profit of the image on the price of the straw, is when the price of the straw in a threshold range of graphics showing a reverse trend approximately linear, and when the price of the straw to break the threshold, although graphics show the reverse trend of the linear approximation, but the steep degree and the other threshold of the graphics are different, so the effect of straw price on net profit is the most complex. These findings indicate that the state should formulate agricultural policies that are compatible with the ecological environment, increase the policy, technology and financial support for the comprehensive utilization of agricultural straws, and actively promote the harmonious development of the ecological economy.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.214

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