中国野生葡萄地理分异研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 09:11

本文关键词：中国野生葡萄地理分异研究　出处：《河南科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国野生葡萄适应性广、抗逆性强,是十分珍贵的种质资源。由于生态环境破坏,严重影响着野生葡萄的生存和发展,明确植物地理分异特征是制定保护该物种政策的前提。深入了解中国野生葡萄的地理分异特征及其与环境的关系,可以预测环境对其多样性的影响,为以后中国野生葡萄种质资源的研究、保护与利用提供理论支持。本研究以起源于中国不同地区的16种葡萄属野生种植物共计95份材料为试材,通过对不同野生葡萄的物候期、成龄叶的形态性状和耐热性数据等特征进行鉴定,运用显著性分析和相关性分析,确定源生地纬度差异对中国野生葡萄植物学特性的影响,探讨了中国野生葡萄地理分异特征。研究结果如下:1.由于中国不同种类野生葡萄的源生地分布差异,在河南郑州地区,种群间萌芽始期、开花始期、盛花期、浆果始熟期和浆果完熟期均存在着显著差异,与源生地纬度呈显著负相关,表现为源生地纬度越高的野生葡萄,进入萌芽始期、开花始期、盛花期、浆果始熟期和浆果完熟期的日期越早。2.在河南郑州地区,不同种类野生葡萄的成龄叶叶柄长、成龄叶长度、成龄叶宽度和成龄叶大小随源生地纬度的变化而表现出的差异程度不同。其中中国野生葡萄的成龄叶叶柄长、成龄叶长度、成龄叶宽度和成龄叶大小,与源生地纬度呈显著正相关。即源生地纬度越高的野生种,成龄叶叶柄长、成龄叶长度越长,成龄叶宽度和成龄叶面积越大。而不同种类野生葡萄的成龄叶长宽比不存在选择梯度差,与纬度没有相关性。3.在河南郑州地区,不同种类野生葡萄的耐热性在源生地纬度上不存在显著的选择梯度,表明野生葡萄耐热性特征与纬度不存在相关性。但通过进一步的研究发现,除山葡萄以外的15个野生种的耐热性在不同地理纬度上种群间却均存在着显著差异,与源生地纬度呈显著负相关。山葡萄具有较强的抗逆性,在葡萄属中它不仅是抗寒性最强的野生种,而且表现出了极强的耐热性,这对中国野生葡萄耐热性地理分异的研究结果有很大影响。4.本研究分析了野生葡萄在河南郑州地区的生长表现情况,进而反映出中国野生葡萄的地理分异特征,结果表明不同地理种源的野生葡萄对环境的适应策略存在着明显不同。这证实了中国野生葡萄地理的分布格局并非偶然,而是环境条件对植物影响的结果。野生葡萄通过调节自身的植物学功能以适应外界环境的变化,从而达到生存和繁衍的目的。
[Abstract]:The adaptability of Chinese wild grape, strong resistance, germplasm resources is very precious. Due to the destruction of the ecological environment, seriously affect the survival and development of wild grapes, clear plant geographical differentiation characteristics is to develop the premise of protecting the species policy. Understand the differentiation characteristics of Chinese wild grapes and geography and its relationship with the environment, can be predicted the influence of environment on the diversity, for the future study of Wild Grape Germplasm Resources Chinese, provide theoretical support for protection and utilization. In this study, 16 kinds of grape originated from different regions of the China species of wild plants for a total of 95 materials, the phenology of different wild grapes, mature leaf morphological traits and heat resistance characteristics were identified by using statistical analysis and correlation analysis, determine the impact of differences of origin latitude on botanical characteristics of wild grape Chinese, discusses the China The geographical differentiation characteristics of wild grape. The results are as follows: 1. because of different kinds of Chinese wild grape source distribution of students in Henan, Zhengzhou area, populations sprout this period, flowering period, flowering period, berry beginning maturity and berry maturity were significantly different, students showed a significant degree dareway negative correlation with the source, is the origin of wild grapes with higher latitude, enter the beginning period of budding, flowering stage, flowering stage, fruit and berries after beginning maturity maturity date as early as.2. in the Henan Zhengzhou area, different kinds of wild grapes mature leaf petiole length, mature leaf length the degree of difference, mature leaf width and leaf size changes with the latitude of origin and different. The China wild grapes mature leaf petiole length, mature leaf length, mature leaf width and size of mature leaf, dareway degree was positively correlated with the source. That is the source of life the higher the latitude The wild species, mature leaf petiole length, mature leaf length, leaf width and a mature leaf area larger. But the different types of wild grapes mature leaf length width ratio gradient and there is no choice, there is no correlation between the latitude of.3. in Henan Zhengzhou area, heat resistance of different kinds of wild grapes choose the gradient does not exist in significant latitude in the source, shows that the wild grape resistance characteristics and elevation not correlated. But further research found that 15 species of heat resistance in addition to the mountains outside of the grape in different geographical latitude populations but there were significant differences, students dareway degree was negatively associated with the source. Grape has a strong resistance, it is not only in Vitis species the strongest cold resistance, and showed a strong heat resistance, the study of Chinese wild grape resistance geographic differentiation results have great influence on.4. This paper analyzes the growth performance of wild grapes in Henan Zhengzhou area, which reflect the differentiation characteristics of China wild grapes in geography, results show that the adaptive strategy of wild grapes from different geographical provenances on the environment are obviously different. This confirms the distribution pattern of wild grape Chinese geographic not accidental, but the result of environmental conditions the effect of plant. The wild grapes by regulating its botanical functions in response to changes in the external environment, so as to achieve the purpose of survival and reproduction.

【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S663.1

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