便携式常温烟雾机的研制

发布时间：2017-12-31 14:27

本文关键词：便携式常温烟雾机的研制　出处：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国温室施药作业大多沿用手动喷雾器的常规喷雾法,这些药械对操作人员危害大,作业效率低。为保证防治效果,经常加大施药次数和药剂量,造成土壤、水体等农业环境的污染,导致了农药残留超标和病虫抗药性增加。热敏感药物烟雾机噪音大、污染严重;常温弥雾机体积大、成本高、施药不均匀;都不适合在我国目前的温室施药作业中推广。因此研制一款雾滴直径小、叶面雾滴沉积率高、能减少农药施药量、又易于推广的施药装置,对病虫害防治低毒化、精量化和高工效作业具有重要意义。本文的研究包括气爆二次雾化机理的研究和便携式常温烟雾机的研制两部分。气流爆破的机理研究具体包括机理研究和参数优化。基于气爆二次雾化的便携式常温烟雾机主要包括气源、电源、储气装置、储药装置、控制中心、执行机构和喷嘴、喷筒组成。本文研制的气爆二次雾化方式主要利用雾化喷头来完成第一次雾化,并对雾滴使用气流爆破的方式来完成二次雾化,减少了雾滴的直径,增加了附着率,同时使用储气瓶加压的方式实现脉冲气流来代替空气压缩机产生高压,减少了设备体积,降低了成本。该装置使用电能作为整个装备的动力,无废气排放、噪音低、使用成本低。便携式的设计可以增加装置的作业适应性,降低了装置成本,更易于在我国温室植保作业中推广。利用计算流体力学FLUENT软件,对该系统的关键部件喷筒进行了内部流场模拟,从而选择相对合理的喷筒结构,并且通过对爆破系统进行雾化仿真,找到最佳爆破气压。同时也对雾化喷头进行了仿真模拟,找到了合适的喷头口径和喷头所在位置。室内试验验证了气体爆破对雾滴二次雾化产生的影响,通过油盘测量雾滴试验,通过对各种试验数据进行整合分析,研究了药箱压力对喷雾量以及气体压力对雾化直径的影响,寻找最佳雾化喷头的直径和喷筒入口的压力。试验表明:雾滴体积中径在15μm以下,二次雾化性能良好,雾滴均匀度DR在0.74以上,满足要求。
[Abstract]:The conventional spray method in our country's greenhouse spraying is mostly used for manual sprayer, these large Yaoxie harm to operator, work efficiency is low. In order to ensure the control effect, often increase the application number and dosage, resulting in soil, water and other agricultural environmental pollution, lead to drug resistance and pest exceed the standard of pesticide residues. Heat sensitive drugs smoke machine noise, pollution is serious; normal temperature fog machine of large volume, high cost, spraying is not uniform; are not suitable for the promotion of China's current greenhouse spraying operations. Therefore the development of a small droplet droplet diameter, leaf deposition rate is high, can reduce the dosage of pesticide spraying device, and easy popularization. The pest control plays an important role in low toxicity, precision and high efficiency work. This paper consists of two parts: research two atomization mechanism of gas explosion and portable fogger in normal temperature. The mechanism of air blasting. The specific mechanism and parameter optimization. The portable fogger in normal temperature gas explosion two atomization mainly includes the gas source, based on the power supply, storage device, drug storage device, the control center, the actuator and the nozzle, spray tube. The gas explosion two atomization mainly use the atomizing nozzle to complete the first spray and the use of air blasting, spray way to complete the two times of atomization, reduce droplet diameter, increase the adhesion rate, while using pressurized gas cylinders to achieve pulse air instead of air compressor to generate high pressure, reduce the volume of equipment, reduce the cost. The device uses electrical energy as the power of the entire equipment, no exhaust emission, low noise, low use cost. A portable design can increase the device operation adaptability, reduce the cost of the device is more easy to popularize in the greenhouse plant protection in Chinese work using computational fluid. Mechanical FLUENT software, the key components of the spray cylinder system is carried out to simulate the internal flow field, so as to choose the spray cylinder structure is relatively reasonable, and through the simulation of blasting atomization system, find the best blasting pressure. At the same time to simulate the atomizing nozzle, to find a suitable nozzle diameter and nozzle location of indoor test. To verify the effect of gas blasting on the two droplet, the oil droplet was measured by means of test, test data integration analysis, study the influence of the pressure on the medicine spray volume and gas pressure on the atomization diameter, to find the best nozzle diameter and spray pressure. Entrance test showed that the droplet size in 15 m, two times of atomization performance is good, the droplet uniformity of DR is above 0.74, to meet the requirements.

【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S491

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