氮钾配施对龙粳31产量和品质的影响

发布时间：2017-12-31 22:17

本文关键词：氮钾配施对龙粳31产量和品质的影响　出处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本试验于2016年在黑龙江省胜利农场第七管理区试验田进行,以龙粳31为供试品种,以本田氮、钾不同施入量为处理,采用随机区组设计,研究氮肥及钾肥不同施肥量对龙粳31生育动态、群体质量、产量和品质的影响,达到为寒地水稻合理施肥提供理论依据和技术支撑的目的。研究主要结果如下:氮肥施用量相同时,适量钾能够增加植株高度,当钾肥施用过量时对株高有抑制作用。当氮肥和钾肥施用均超过常规施肥量时,植株株高提升明显。钾肥施用量一定的条件下,株高随氮肥用量的增加而升高。处理N_5K_5株高最高(113.67cm)。氮肥一定量时齐穗期茎数增多,氮肥超量时齐穗期茎数减少。分蘖末期处理N_5K_5茎数最多为19个/穴,齐穗期处理N_5K_2最多为24.3个/穴。施用氮肥和钾肥有利于提高水稻叶面积指数及干物质积累量,显著高于对照区(N_3K_3),且钾肥与氮肥存在明显的互作效应,氮肥对叶面积指数及水稻干物质积累的影响大于钾肥,叶面积指数最高处理N_5K_5(3.93),干物质积累齐穗期以N_5K_5最高(52.3g/穴)、成熟期以N_4K_4最高(96.7g/穴)。施氮量为N_1、N_2时,穗数随钾肥用量增加而升高,施氮量为N_3、N_4、N_5时,穗数随钾肥用量增加而先升高后降低。施钾量为K_1、K_2时,穗数随氮肥用量增加呈升高趋势,施钾量为K_3、K_4、K_5时,穗数随氮肥用量增加而先升高后降低。氮肥用量一定时穗粒数随钾用量增加呈先升高后降低趋势,钾肥用量一定时穗粒数随氮用量增加呈先升高后降低趋势。施氮量为N_1、N_2、N_5时,结实率随钾肥用量增加呈先升高后降低趋势,施氮量为N_3、N_4时,结实率随钾肥用量增加呈降低趋势。不同氮钾施肥量对水稻产量具有显著影响。当施氮量为N_1、N_2时,水稻产量随钾肥施用量增加呈上升趋势,当施氮量为N_3、N_4时,水稻产量随钾肥施用量增加呈先上升后降低趋势,当施氮量为N_5时,水稻产量随钾肥施用量增加呈降低趋势。当施钾量为K_1时,产量随氮的增加呈升高趋势,当施钾量为K_2、K_3、K_4、K_5时,产量随氮的增加呈先升高后降低趋势,处理N_4K_4产量最高(11615.81kg/hm~2)。氮肥或钾肥对水稻食味评分的影响均达到显著水平,且存在极显著的互作效应,氮钾互作下的食味评分以处理N_3K_4最高,即氮肥76.56 kg/hm~2,钾肥78.75kg/hm~2时为最佳配置,食味达到85.2,较不施肥提高10.5%,差异达显著水平。氮钾肥用量对水稻生长发育和产量、品质有重要影响,在供试条件下,高产处理为氮肥76.56 kg/hm~2-114.84 kg/hm~2、钾肥52.5kg/hm~2-78.75 kg/hm~2;优质处理为:氮肥76.56kg/hm~2-114.84 kg/hm~2、钾肥78.75 kg/hm~2-105 kg/hm~2;高产优质处理为:氮肥114.84kg/hm~2,钾肥78.75 kg/hm~2。
[Abstract]:The experiment was carried out in 7th management area of Shengli Farm in Heilongjiang Province on 2016. Longjing 31 was used as the tested variety and Honda nitrogen and potassium were treated with different amounts of nitrogen and potassium. The random block design was adopted. The effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on the growth dynamics, population quality, yield and quality of Longjing 31 were studied. The main results are as follows: when the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is the same, appropriate potassium can increase plant height. The plant height was inhibited when the potassium fertilizer was applied too much. When the amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer was higher than that of the conventional fertilizer, the plant height was increased obviously, and the plant height was increased obviously under the condition of certain amount of potassium fertilizer. The plant height increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The highest plant height was 113.67 cm / cm ~ (-1) in N _ 5K _ s _ 5. The number of stems at full heading stage increased with a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer. The number of stems at full heading stage decreased when nitrogen fertilizer was overloaded, and the maximum number of stems per hole was 19 / hole in N _ s _ 5K _ S _ 5 at the end of tiller treatment. The maximum number of N _ 5K _ 2 was 24.3 / hole at full heading stage. Applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizer could increase the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of rice, which was significantly higher than that of N _ 3K _ (3) in the control area. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of rice was greater than that on potash fertilizer. In the full heading stage of dry matter accumulation, the highest value of 52.3 g / hole was in Ns _ 5K _ 5 and 96. 7 g / d in N4KK _ 4 at maturity stage, and the N application amount was N _ 1 / N _ 2 when N _ 1 and N _ (2) were used. The number of spikes increased with the increase of potassium fertilizer application. When the N application rate was N _ 3N _ 4 and N _ (5), the number of ears increased first and then decreased with the increase of potassium fertilizer application, and K _ (1) and K _ (2) were applied at the time of K _ (1) and K _ (2). The number of spikelets increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the amount of potassium applied was K _ s _ 3K _ 4 / K _ S _ 5. The number of panicles increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, and the number of grains per spike increased first and then decreased with the increase of potassium application. The number of grains per spike increased first and then decreased with the increase of the amount of potassium fertilizer, and the seed setting rate increased first and then decreased with the increase of the amount of potassium fertilizer. The seed setting rate decreased with the increase of potassium application rate when N application rate was N _ 3 / N _ 4. Different nitrogen and potassium fertilizer rates had a significant effect on rice yield, and when N _ 2 was N _ (1) N _ (1) N _ (2) N _ (2). The yield of rice increased with the application of potassium fertilizer. When the amount of N applied was N _ 3 / N _ 4, the yield of rice increased first and then decreased with the increase of potassium application rate, and when the amount of N application was N _ 5, the yield of rice increased first and then decreased. The yield of rice decreased with the increase of potassium fertilizer application rate. When the potassium application amount was K _ (-1), the yield increased with the increase of nitrogen, and when K _ (2) was applied to K _ (2) / K _ (3) / K _ (3) / K _ (th), the yield increased with the increase of K _ (1). The yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen, and the highest yield of N4Kap4 was 11615.81 kg / hm-1 路h ~ (2 +). The effect of nitrogen or potassium fertilizer on rice food taste score reached significant level. In addition, there was a significant interaction effect. The food taste score of N _ 3K _ (4) was the highest in N _ 3K _ (4), that is, 76.56 kg/hm~2 of nitrogen fertilizer under the interaction of N ~ (2 +) and K _ (+). The best allocation of potassium fertilizer was 78.75 kg 路hm ~ (-1) 路hm ~ (-1) ~ 2:00, and the food taste reached 85.2, which increased 10.55.The difference was significant compared with that of no fertilizer application. The application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice was significant. The high yield treatment was 76. 56 kg/hm~2-114.84 kg/hm~2. Potassium fertilizer 52.5 kg / hmcr ~ (2) -78.75 kg 路h ~ (m-1) ~ (2); The high quality treatments were as follows: nitrogen 76.56 kg / hm ~ (-1) 2-114.84 kg / hm ~ (2), potassium 78.75 kg/hm~2-105 路kg ~ (-1) 路hm ~ (2) ~ (-1); The high yield and good quality treatments were as follows: nitrogen fertilizer 114.84 kg / hmc-2, potassium fertilizer 78.75 kg / hmc-2.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江八一农垦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511.22

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