橘小实蝇寄生蜂寄主寻找行为影响因子的初步研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 01:08

本文关键词：橘小实蝇寄生蜂寄主寻找行为影响因子的初步研究　出处：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本研究从昆虫化学生态的角度,探讨影响橘小实蝇寄生蜂寄主寻找行为的三个影响因子,以期为提高寄生蜂对橘小实蝇的生物防治效果提供理论基础。第一方面,基于对橘小实蝇的综合防治策略,了解橘小实蝇性诱剂--甲基丁香酚对寄生蜂寄主寻找行为的影响,为优化寄生蜂和甲基丁香酚在整个橘小实蝇综合防治中的作用提供理论基础;第二方面,初步探讨寄主植物挥发物在寄生蜂寄主寻找行为的作用;第三方面,利用扫描电镜对橘小实蝇的4种寄生蜂即阿里山潜蝇茧蜂Fopius arisanus(Sonan),切割潜蝇茧蜂 Psytallia incisi(Silvestri),长尾潜蝇茧蜂Diachasmimorpha longicaudata(Ashmead)和布氏潜蝇茧蜂Fopius vandenboschi(Fullaway)的产卵器和腹部感受器的超微结构,有助于研究寄生蜂寄主寻找行为的机理。实验结果如下:(1)甲基丁香酚对寄生蜂寄主寻找行为的影响。Y型嗅觉仪测定结果表明,除了成熟阿里山潜蝇茧蜂和未成熟切割潜蝇茧蜂雌蜂对纯的甲基丁香酚与对照的选择反应无显著性差异,其它寄生蜂均对纯的甲基丁香酚表现出显著的趋避反应;低浓度(0.01、0.1、1μl/ml)的甲基丁香酚对阿里山潜蝇茧蜂产生一定的吸引作用,而随着浓度的升高,甲基丁香酚对寄生蜂的趋避作用增强,并且高浓度(100,1000 μl/ml)的甲基丁香酚对阿里山潜蝇茧蜂产生显著的趋避作用;阿里山潜蝇茧蜂成熟雌蜂的EAG相对反应值在1μl/ml达到最高,成熟雄蜂的EAG相对反应值在10μl/ml达到最高;六臂嗅觉仪测定结果表明,四种寄生蜂在不同浓度的甲基丁香酚环境下,均偏向于浓度较低的甲基丁香酚(0.1、11μl/ml);同时,在10、100、1000μl/ml的甲基丁香酚环境下的寄主卵诱集瓶引诱到的寄生蜂数量显著低于对照,且不同浓度的甲基丁香酚显著影响了阿里山潜蝇茧蜂雌蜂的产卵行为。(2)寄主植物挥发物对寄生蜂寄主寻找行为的影响。Y型嗅觉仪测定结果表明,健康的,受染的和机械损伤的香蕉与橙子对阿里山潜蝇茧蜂成熟雌蜂均产生显著的引诱作用,且受染橙子对阿里山潜蝇茧蜂成熟雌蜂的引诱作用显著高于健康的橙子,而不同处理的西红柿对阿里山潜蝇茧蜂成熟雌蜂无引诱作用;橙子受染后第3天和香蕉受染后第5天对阿里山潜蝇茧蜂成熟雌蜂的吸引力最强,而西红柿受染后的第5天,对阿里山潜蝇茧蜂成熟雌蜂产生了显著的趋避作用。基于行为反应结果,采用GC-MS分析不同寄主植物的水果挥发物组成。橘小实蝇为害后诱导水果新产生了乙酸叶醇酯,反-法呢醇,β-罗勒烯,苯甲醛,顺-罗汉柏烯,柏木脑,辛酸乙酯,辛酸甲酯,十四烷,十五烷和二十烷。芳樟醇和β-月桂烯在受染橙子的释放具有滞后性,分别在橙子受染的第2天和第3天才被检测到,并且相对含量逐步上升。(3)采用扫描电镜在四种潜蝇茧蜂的产卵器和腹部上,发现了8种感器,分别为毛形感器、蒲姆氏鬃、钟形感器、浅凹状感器、栓锥感器、腔锥感器、刺形感器和分泌毛孔。同时发现阿里山潜蝇茧蜂和布氏潜蝇茧蜂的产卵针端部尖细,而长尾潜蝇茧蜂和切割潜蝇茧蜂的产卵器端部呈倒钩状。
[Abstract]:This study from the perspective of insect chemical ecology, to investigate the effect of bactroceradorsalis parasitoid host searching behavior of the three factors, in order to provide theoretical basis for improving the effect of biological control of parasitic wasps of bactroceradorsalis. First, the integrated control strategy of bactroceradorsalis based on the understanding of the impact of oriental fruit fly attractant - methyl eugenol for parasitoid host searching behavior, provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of parasitoids and methyl eugenol in the comprehensive prevention and control of the whole bactroceradorsalis in action; second, to investigate host plant volatiles in the parasitoid host seeking behavior; third, using scanning electron microscope 4 the parasitoids of bactroceradorsalis that f.arisanus Fopius arisanus (Sonan), psyttaliaincisi Psytallia incisi (Silvestri), diachasmimorpha longicaudata Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) and Brandt miner cocoon Bee Fopius vandenboschi (Fullaway) the ultrastructure of ovipositor and abdominal receptors, is helpful to the study of mechanism of parasitoid host searching behavior. The experimental results are as follows: (1) methyl eugenol for parasitoid host searching behavior influence.Y olfactometer determination results show that, in addition to the mature f.arisanus and immature psyttaliaincisi females of methyl eugenol and control of pure choice reaction had no significant difference, other parasitic wasps of pure methyl eugenol showed significant avoidance reaction; low concentration (0.01,0.1,1 l/ml) of methyl eugenol have a certain attraction of f.arisanus, and with the concentration increased, enhanced repellent effect of methyl eugenol on parasitoids, and high concentration (1001000 l/ml) of methyl eugenol have significant repellent effect on f.arisanus; f.arisanus mature The relative EAG reaction reaches the maximum value at 1 l/ml, the relative value of EAG mature drone reaction reached the highest in 10 l/ml; the determination results of six arm olfactometer showed that four species of parasitoids in different concentration of methyl eugenol, which tend to lower the concentration of methyl eugenol (0.1,11 l/ml); at the same time the number of parasitoids in eggs, lure trap bottle host methyl eugenol 101001000 l/ml under the environment that was significantly lower than the control, and different concentrations of methyl eugenol significantly affected f.arisanus female oviposition behavior. (2) effects of plant volatiles on host parasitoid host searching behavior of the determination results of.Y olfactometer showed that healthy, produced the greatest attraction are contaminated and mechanical damage of banana and orange of f.arisanus mature female, and the attraction of dyed orange in f.arisanus mature females Significantly higher than that of healthy oranges, and different treatments on Tomato mature female f.arisanus no attraction; orange and banana infected third days after fifth days of the strongest attraction by f.arisanus mature females after dyeing, and tomato infected after fifth days, produced a significant repellent effect on a mountain of opius sp. mature female. Results based on reaction behavior, using GC-MS analysis of different host plant fruit volatiles. Bactroceradorsalis damage induced by acetic acid produced a new fruit leaf alcohol ester, anti - farnesol, beta ocimene, benzaldehyde, CIS thujopsene, cedrol, ethyl octanoate, methyl caprylate, fourteen alkanes, fifteen alkyl and twenty alkyl. Linalool and beta myrcene with a lag in the infected oranges released respectively in oranges contaminated for second days and third days were detected, and the relative content increased gradually (3) by scanning electron microscopy. In the ovipositor and abdominal four opius sp., found 8 kinds of sensilla, respectively sensilla, Bohm's mane, campaniform sensilla, shallow concave sensilla, sensilla STYLOCONICA, coeloconic sensilla, sensilla chaetica and secretory pores. At the same time that Ali opius sp. and Brandt opius sp. spawning needle end tapering, and diachasmimorpha longicaudata and psyttaliaincisi ovipositor end of the inverted hook.

【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S476.3

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