丘陵山区果园立式单轴开沟施肥机的研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 19:10

本文关键词：丘陵山区果园立式单轴开沟施肥机的研究　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：开沟施颗粒肥料是果园施肥的主要方式,是提高水果产量和质量的重要措施。目前这一工作在我国丘陵山区果园主要依靠人工完成,其机械化水平低已经成为制约我国水果产业发展的重要因素。针对这一问题,本文研制了一款适合我国丘陵山区作业的果园开沟施肥机,主要研究内容如下:从丘陵山区果园的作业环境和作业效率考虑,提出开沟施肥机采用井字形开沟,一次作业完成开沟、施肥两项工艺过程的作业方式。根据果园开沟施肥的农艺要求,提出果园开沟施肥机开沟深度大于250mm,宽度小于500mm等相关的设计参数并初步设计了立式单轴果园开沟施肥机,该机开沟部件采用刀片组合立式旋转刀具与清沟犁配合进行开沟作业,施肥装置采用ZGB37R小型电机驱动。为提高机具利用率,初步选择1WG6.3型微耕机作为开沟施肥机的动力机械。在满足农艺要求的基础上,为降低机具作业功耗和提高机具研发效率,通过数学计算和理论分析建立了土壤质点在刀片上的运动学和动力学模型,运用FEM-SPH数值耦合方法对旋转刀具切削土壤的过程进行数值模拟,结果表明:在旋转刀具转速为26rad/s,刀片折弯角为22°的情况下旋转刀具切削土壤平均功耗为2.080kW;运用扭矩—转速测量平台对旋转刀具切削土壤进行试验,得到旋转刀具切削土壤平均功耗为2.172kW,与数值模拟结果的相对误差为4.42%。在误差允许范围内表明采用FEM-SPH数值耦合方法对旋转刀具切削土壤进行数值模拟是可行的,为旋转刀具的优化设计奠定了基础。以对切削土壤功耗影响明显的旋转刀具转速和刀片的折弯角为试验因子,设计二元二次回归正交组合试验,运用FEM-SPH数值耦合方法对回归正交组合试验进行数值模拟研究,建立旋转刀具切削土壤功耗与旋转刀具转速和刀片折弯角的回归方程。运用MATLAB工具箱建立回归方程的数学优化模型并对旋转刀具转速和刀片折弯角进行优化。优化结果表明:在旋转刀具转速为20.3rad/s,刀片折弯角为20.7°时,旋转刀具切削土壤平均功耗最小为1.721kW。运用FEM-SPH数值耦合方法对优化后的旋转刀具切削土壤进行数值模拟,结果表明:优化后的旋转刀具切削土壤平均功耗为1.684kW,与优化结果相对误差为2.15%。运用转速—扭矩测量平台对优化后的旋转刀具进行试验,结果表明:优化后的旋转刀具切削土壤平均功耗为1.831kW,与优化结果相对误差为6.39%。在误差允许范围内,数值模拟和试验结果均表明优化具有较高的准确性。根据优化结果完成对旋转刀具的优化设计,优化后的旋转刀具与初始设计相比切削土壤功耗降低15.70%,优化效果比较明显。运用Ansys-Workbench对旋转刀具的立轴和刀片进行有限元静态分析,结果表明:立轴和刀片均能够满足设计和作业要求,可靠性好。在以上基础上完成立式单轴果园开沟施肥机的设计与优化并完成样机的制作,以1WG6.3型微耕机作为动力机械进行田间试验。结果表明:该立式单轴果园开沟施肥机匹配1WG6.3型微耕机的田间作业性能满足设计要求和农艺要求;能够在丘陵山区果园的狭窄环境中正常作业,平均开沟深度在250mm以上,最大宽度不超过500mm;开沟抛土效果较好,沟底浮土较少,抛土距离小于700mm;每小时可完成开沟作业800m以上,并同时完成施肥工艺。
[Abstract]:Application of fertilizer is the main way of ditching fertilization in orchards, is an important measure to improve the yield and quality of fruit. The work in my orchard in hilly areas mainly rely on manual completion of the low level of mechanization has become an important factor restricting the development of fruit industry in China. To solve this problem, this paper has developed a suitable for the operation of our country in the hilly area of the orchard ditching and fertilizing machine, the main research contents are as follows: from the consideration of hilly orchard operation environment and operation efficiency, the ditching and fertilizing machine adopts well shaped ditching, complete the job a ditching, fertilization two process operation. According to the requirements of orchard ditching and fertilizing agronomic, proposed orchard ditching fertilizing ditching depth is more than 250mm, the width is less than 500mm and other related design parameters and preliminary design of the vertical axis of orchard ditching and fertilizing machine, the machine parts by ditching blade The combination of vertical rotating cutter and plough with Qing ditching, fertilizing device is driven by a small motor ZGB37R. To increase the utilization rate of the equipment, the preliminary selection of 1WG6.3 type micro tillage machine as power machinery furrowing and fertilizing machine. Based on meet the agronomic requirements, in order to reduce the power consumption for Industry machinery and equipment to improve the efficiency of research and development, and kinematics dynamic model by mathematical calculation and theoretical analysis to establish the soil particle in the blade, numerical simulation, using FEM-SPH numerical coupling method for rotary cutter soil cutting process the results show that: in the rotating cutter speed 26rad/s, condition of blade bending angle of 22 degrees under the rotation of the cutter cutting soil average power consumption is 2.080kW; the use of torque speed measurement platform to test the rotary cutting tool by rotating cutter cutting soil soil, the average power consumption is 2.172kW, and the numerical simulation results. The error is 4.42%. in the range of allowable error indicated that the FEM-SPH coupling numerical method to simulate the rotation of the cutter cutting soil is feasible, laid the foundation for the optimization design of the rotary cutter. By rotating cutter speed and blade bending effect on soil cutting power angle as experimental factors, two regression orthogonal design two yuan combination test, using FEM-SPH numerical coupling method to simulate regression orthogonal experiments, the regression equation of soil cutting power and rotation speed and rotation of the cutter blade bending angle. The use of MATLAB toolbox to establish the regression equation and the optimization mathematical model of rotary cutter speed and blade bending angle are optimized. The optimization results show that: in the rotation cutting speed 20.3rad/s, blade bending angle is 20.7 degrees, rotary cutter cutting soil minimum average power consumption by 1.721kW. FEM-SPH numerical coupling method for numerical simulation of rotary cutting soil after optimization results show that the rotation of the cutter cutting soil average power optimized for 1.684kW, and the optimization results of relative error of 2.15%. by using speed - torque measurement of rotating knife platform optimized with experiment, the results show that the rotation of the cutter cutting soil average power optimization after the 1.831kW, and optimization of the relative error is 6.39%. in the range of allowable error, numerical simulation and experimental results indicate that the optimization has higher accuracy. According to the optimization results to complete the optimization design of the rotary cutter, rotary cutter and initial optimized design compared to soil cutting power consumption is reduced by 15.70%, the use of optimization effect is obvious. Ansys-Workbench of the rotating cutter blade of vertical shaft and static finite element analysis, the results show that the vertical axis and the blade are able to meet. Design and operation requirements, good reliability. The design and optimization of vertical single axis orchard ditching fertilizing machine on the basis of the above and complete the prototype production, with 1WG6.3 type micro tillage machine as power machinery field test was carried out. The results show that the vertical axis of orchard furrowing and fertilizing machine matched with the type 1WG6.3 micro tillage machine field operation performance to meet the design requirements and agronomic requirements; to the normal operation of a narrow environment in hilly orchard, average furrow depth was more than 250mm, the maximum width of less than 500mm; ditching throwing soil better, ditch topsoil less soil throwing distance is less than 700mm; every hour to complete ditching operations more than 800m, and at the same time to complete the fertilization process.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S224.2

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