豌豆蚜体内共生菌对蚜虫与寄主互作关系的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 03:00

本文关键词：豌豆蚜体内共生菌对蚜虫与寄主互作关系的影响研究　出处：《甘肃农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了探明Buchnera菌在蚜虫适应寄主植物方面的作用,本文研究了含共生菌和脱共生菌豌豆蚜取食6种常见的寄主植物后,其生长发育、体内物质(蛋白质、总脂肪、可溶性糖和糖原)含量以及豌豆蚜Buchnera菌16S r RNA相对表达量的变化,取得以下主要结果:1.温度对豌豆蚜体型及其内共生菌菌胞数量和大小的影响在16℃-32℃不同温度条件下,对豌豆蚜体型大小及其内共生菌菌胞数量和大小的测量结果表明:共生菌菌胞数量随温度的升高呈现先增多后减少的趋势,28℃下菌胞数量最多,红、绿2种色型豌豆蚜分别达121.38个和99.48个,32℃下菌胞数量显著减少,与28℃下的红、绿色型相比减幅分别为44.64%和58.16%,说明高温对豌豆蚜内共生菌菌胞数量有抑制作用,且28℃和32℃下的菌胞数量红色型显著高于绿色型,红色豌豆蚜更适应环境的变化;在25℃、28℃、32℃处理温度下的共生菌菌胞直径大于处理温度16℃、19℃、22℃;豌豆蚜体型随温度的升高先增大后减小,最大值出现在22℃;在16℃和28℃条件下,菌胞数量与体型大小无线性相关性,19℃、22℃以及25℃下表现出较好的线性相关,而在32℃高温条件下,没有表现出相关性。2.共生菌对取食不同寄主植物的豌豆蚜生长发育的影响将含共生菌和脱共生菌豌豆蚜分别在6种寄主植物(蚕豆、豌豆、苜蓿、三叶草、草木樨、红豆草)上饲养,试验结果表明:豌豆蚜脱共生菌后若蚜发育历期延长、成蚜寿命缩短、若蚜存活率下降、体重减小。在不同寄主植物上同色型脱共生菌与含共生菌豌豆蚜比较,红、绿色型豌豆蚜若蚜发育历期在红豆草上的延长时间最长,分别延长2.9倍和2.82倍,三叶草上的延长时间最短,为1.36倍和1.64倍;在草木樨上成虫寿命缩短程度最大,红、绿色型分别缩短38%和44.8%;豌豆上若蚜存活率显著高于苜蓿和红豆草;而红、绿色型豌豆蚜体重下降率在蚕豆上较高,分别下降78.53%和72.20%,苜蓿上较低,分别下降64.06%和58.14%。豌豆蚜共生菌的存在对宿主蚜虫生长发育有促进作用,且在寄主植物间存在差异(P0.05)。3.共生菌对取食不同寄主植物的豌豆蚜体内物质含量的影响含共生菌和脱共生菌豌豆蚜取食不同寄主植物后,红、绿2种色型脱共生菌豌豆蚜体内蛋白质含量均显著低于同色型含共生菌豌豆蚜21.06%-56.42%,且在苜蓿上蚜虫蛋白质含量的表现最低,红豆草上下降率最低;红、绿2种色型脱共生菌豌豆蚜体内可溶性糖含量均显著低于同色型含共生菌豌豆蚜27%-76.37%,在苜蓿上蚜虫可溶性糖含量的表现最低,草木樨上下降率最低;红、绿2种色型脱共生菌豌豆蚜体内糖原含量均显著低于同色型含共生菌豌豆蚜25.08%-70.28%,在苜蓿上蚜虫糖原含量的表现最低,红豆草上下降率较低;而红、绿2种色型脱共生菌豌豆蚜体内总脂肪含量,除绿色型脱共生菌豌豆蚜在苜蓿和红豆草上蚜虫总脂肪含量较同种寄主植物下的含共生菌豌豆蚜略下降外,其余均高于同色型含共生菌豌豆蚜。豌豆蚜脱共生菌后,蚜虫体内可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖以及糖原含量显著下降,总脂肪含量呈上升趋势,所取食的寄主植物不同,各物质含量的表现不同。4.取食不同寄主植物对豌豆蚜体内共生菌16S r RNA相对表达量的影响红、绿2种色型豌豆蚜取食豌豆、苜蓿、红豆草、三叶草、草木樨后体内共生菌16S r RNA基因的相对表达量均不同程度显著上调。在红色型豌豆蚜中,除了取食苜蓿和草木樨的豌豆蚜体内Buchnera菌16S r RNA相对表达量无显著差异外,在其余寄主植物上豌豆蚜体内Buchnera菌16S r RNA相对表达量差异显著;绿色型豌豆蚜中,取食红豆草的豌豆蚜体内Buchnera菌16S r RNA相对表达量显著高于苜蓿、草木樨、豌豆,而显著低于三叶草。红、绿色型均在三叶草上相对表达量高,而在豌豆上相对表达量较低。同种寄主植物不同色型间比较而言,红色型豌豆蚜Buchnera菌16S r RNA相对表达量高于绿色型豌豆蚜Buchnera菌16S r RNA相对表达量,说明红色型豌豆蚜对寄主植物的适应性更强。
[Abstract]:In order to study the Buchnera bacteria adapt to host plants in the role of aphids was studied in this paper including the symbiotic bacteria and removal of symbiotic bacteria of pea aphid feeding 6 common host plants, the growth and development of body material (protein, fat, soluble sugar and glycogen) relative expression content of Buchnera and pea aphid strain 16S R RNA. The main results are as follows: 1. the temperature of pea aphid size and endosymbiotic bacteria cell number and size effect at 16 DEG -32 DEG under different temperature conditions, according to measurement results of pea aphid size and endosymbiotic bacteria cell number and size of the symbiotic bacteria: mycetocytes temperature showed the first increased and then decreased, the number of bacteria up to 28 DEG C, red, green 2 color types of pea aphid were 121.38 and 99.48, the number of bacteria was significantly reduced under 32 DEG C, and 28 degrees red, representing a decrease of 44. compared to the green type 64% and 58.16%, indicating that the high inhibition of pea aphid endosymbiotic bacteria cell number, and 28 degrees and 32 degrees under the mycetocytes red type was significantly higher than that of the green, red pea aphid more adapt to environmental changes; at 25 C, 28 C, 32 C treatment temperature symbiotic bacteria bacteria diameter larger than the processing temperature 16 C, 19 C, 22 C; pea aphid size first increases with the increase of temperature and then decreases, the maximum value appeared at 22 DEG C; in 16 degrees and 28 degrees under the conditions of no linear correlation, mycetocytes and size of 19 C, 22 C and 25 C showed a good linear in 32, the high temperature conditions, showed no correlation of.2. affect the growth of symbiotic bacteria on the pea aphid feeding on different host plants will contain symbiotic bacteria and fungi were aposymbiosis pea aphids on 6 host plants (beans, peas, alfalfa, clover, clover, sainfoin) on feeding. The test results show that: After removal of the pea aphid symbionts nymph developmental duration, adult aphids shortened lifespan, nymphal survival rate decreased, body weight decreased. In the same color on different host plants from symbiotic bacteria and bacteria containing symbiotic, pea aphids red, green pea aphid nymph developmental duration in Sainfoin on time the longest extension of 2.9 times and 2.82 times respectively, the clover on the extension of the shortest time is 1.36 times and 1.64 times; in Melilotus on adult longevity shortened the maximum, red, green type was reduced by 38% and 44.8%; if the pea aphid survival rate was significantly higher than that of alfalfa and sainfoin; red, weight the green pea aphids decreased in a higher rate of faba bean, decreased by 78.53% and 72.20% respectively, alfalfa is lower, respectively, decreased in the presence of host aphids promote growth of 64.06% and 58.14%. of pea aphid symbionts, and differences in host plants (P0.05).3. symbiotic bacteria feeding on different send The influence of main plant of the pea aphid substance content containing symbiotic bacteria and removal of symbiotic bacteria of pea aphid feeding on different host plants, red, green 2 color types and the content of the protein in the symbiotic bacteria of pea aphid were significantly lower than those of the same color with symbiotic bacteria 21.06%-56.42% in pea aphid, and alfalfa aphid protein content showed the lowest the lowest rate of decline, sainfoin; red, green 2 color types and the symbiotic bacteria of soluble sugar contents in pea aphid were significantly lower than those of the same color containing symbiotic bacteria of pea aphid 27%-76.37%, soluble sugar content in Alfalfa on aphids showed the lowest, the lowest rate of decline on sweet clover; red, green 2 color types aposymbiosis the content of glycogen in the pea aphid bacteria were significantly lower than those of the same color containing symbiotic bacteria of pea aphid 25.08%-70.28% in alfalfa aphids on glycogen content showed the lowest, sainfoin drop rate is low; and the red, green 2 color types and symbiotic bacteria of pea aphid in total The fat content, besides the green removal of symbiotic bacteria containing pea aphids decreased slightly outside the total fat content in alfalfa and sainfoin on aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum in bacteria with host plant, the rest were higher than those of the same color with symbiotic bacteria. The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum and symbiotic bacteria, aphids, soluble protein, soluble sugar and the glycogen content decreased significantly, total fat content increased, feed on different host plants, bacteria 16S R RNA relative expression of the effect of red content of each material has different.4. feeding on different host plants of pea aphid in symbiosis, green 2 color types of pea aphid feeding on pea, alfalfa, sainfoin, clover. The relative expression of RNA gene of R strain 16S were significantly increased in different degrees. In the red clover symbiosis type of pea aphid, in addition to the feeding of alfalfa and sweet clover of the pea aphid Buchnera r in bacteria 16S RNA relative expression had no significant difference Therefore, in the rest of the host plant in the pea aphid Buchnera bacteria 16S R RNA relative expression was significantly different; green pea aphids in the pea aphid feeding of sainfoin in Buchnera r strain 16S RNA expression was significantly higher than that of alfalfa, clover, pea, but significantly lower than that of clover. Red, green type were in the clover the grass on the relatively high expression level in pea had relatively low expression levels. The same host plants of different color type comparison, red pea aphid strain 16S R type Buchnera RNA relative expression was higher than that of green pea aphid Buchnera r strain 16S RNA relative expression, that pea aphids red type is more adaptive to the host plants.

【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S433

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