不同留茬高度对小麦田土壤物理特性、酶活性及产量的影响

发布时间：2018-01-06 20:39

本文关键词：不同留茬高度对小麦田土壤物理特性、酶活性及产量的影响　出处：《内蒙古大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了土地资源的可持续利用,以提高保护性耕作田小麦产量为目的,研究不同留茬高度对小麦田土壤物理特性、土壤酶活性以及小麦产量的影响。通过田间试验和实验室分析的方式,在免耕的基础下,设置了五种不同留茬高度,分别是留茬l0cm、留茬20cm、留茬25cm、留茬30cm以及留茬40cm。研究结果表明:(1)留茬高度的不同对0-10cm土层的土壤含水量有非常大的影响,同时留茬高度的不同对其他土层的土壤含水量影响不明显。小麦田土壤的容重在播前和收获后这两个时期都表现出随着土层深度的加深而变大的趋势,同时收获后的土层土壤的容重,较播前有了较为明显的提升。在整个生育时期随着土层的加深,不同留茬高度对土壤温度的影响逐渐减小。紧实度则随着土层增加呈上升趋势。(2)当留茬高度不同的时候,土壤中酶的活性会因为土层深度的加深而越来越小。在小麦的整个生育时期,土壤中的脲酶以及土壤中的过氧化氢酶随着时间的推移其活性表现为先减后增;留茬高度不同的各个处理,当土层深度逐渐加深的时候土壤中的脲酶活性越来越小。当土层深度为10-20cm和20-40cm的时候,土壤中的蔗糖酶活性明显下降。当留茬高度在10cm和20cm的时候对每个土层的土壤中蔗糖酶的活性有很大的影响。土壤中的碱性磷酸酶随着小麦的生长呈现出先变小再变大最后又变小的渐变趋势;同时随着土层的加深,不同留茬高度的处理间土壤中碱性磷酸酶的活性逐渐减小。(3)从小麦的农艺性状来看,当留茬高度为10cm的时候小麦株高最高,株高最低的是留茬高度为20cm的处理;穗长最长、单株最高的是留茬40cm的处理。然而单株穗重、单株粒数、千粒重最高的是留茬高度为25cm的处理,其中留茬25cm的千粒重较留茬40cm高出10.98%。通过以上可以看出,在免耕条件下,小麦留茬高度在25cm处可使土壤物理性状得到改善、使作物产量达到最高、使效益达到最大化。
[Abstract]:In order to sustainable use of land resources and to increase wheat yield in conservation tillage field, the soil physical characteristics of wheat field with different stubble height were studied. Through field experiment and laboratory analysis, five different stubble heights were set up on the basis of no-tillage, namely, stubble 10cm and stubble 20cm. The results showed that different stubble height had great influence on soil moisture content of 0-10cm soil layer. At the same time, different stubble height had no obvious effect on the soil moisture content of other soil layers. The bulk density of wheat field showed a trend of increasing with the depth of soil layer before sowing and after harvest. At the same time, the bulk density of the soil layer after harvest was significantly higher than that before sowing. In the whole growing period, with the deepening of the soil layer. The effect of different stubble height on soil temperature gradually decreased. The compactness increased with the increase of soil layer. (2) when the stubble height was different. The activities of urease in soil and catalase in soil decreased firstly and then increased with time during the whole growing period of wheat. With different stubble height, the soil urease activity decreased when the soil depth gradually deepened, and when the soil depth was 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm, the soil urease activity became smaller and smaller when the soil depth was 10 ~ 20 cm and 20 ~ 40 cm. When the stubble height is 10 cm and 20 cm, the activity of sucrase in each soil layer is greatly affected. The alkaline phosphatase in soil increases with the growth of wheat. There is a gradual trend of becoming smaller and then bigger and then smaller; At the same time, with the deepening of soil layer, the activity of alkaline phosphatase in soil gradually decreased under different stubble height.) from the agronomic characteristics of wheat, wheat plant height was the highest when the stubble height was 10 cm. The lowest plant height was the treatment with stubble height of 20cm; The longest ear length, the highest per plant is the treatment of stubble 40cm, but the treatment with the highest ear weight per plant, grain number per plant and 1000-grain weight is the treatment with stubble height of 25cm. The 1000-grain weight of stubble 25cm is 10.98 higher than that of stubble 40cm. It can be seen that under no-tillage condition, wheat stubble height at 25cm can improve soil physical properties. The maximum crop yield and maximum benefit are achieved.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S512.1

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