黄土区露天煤矿排土场植被恢复的水肥响应及其空间变异研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 21:31

  本文关键词：黄土区露天煤矿排土场植被恢复的水肥响应及其空间变异研究　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 排土场 植被恢复 因子分析 地统计学 耦合协调度

【摘要】：矿区复垦植被与土壤环境之间存在着复杂的交互关系,两者相互依存且制约;特别是土壤肥力和水分与植被恢复关系密切。因此,如何实现复垦植被与土壤水肥协调发展以促进生态系统的改善是矿区生态恢复的核心问题。为此,本文选择山西平朔矿区安太堡露天煤矿南排土场和西排土场复垦区,通过因子分析方法、地统计学方法以及构建耦合协调度模型分析了露天煤矿排土场土壤水肥特性与复垦植被之间的关系,探讨了当前自然环境下影响复垦植被的主要土壤因子与矿区土壤水肥条件和复垦植被的协调程度。通过研究得到以下结论:(1)通过对矿区土壤水肥因素和复垦植被数据进行因子分析与耦合协调度研究发现,土壤肥力因素是影响平朔矿区排土场植被恢复的主要因子,其次是土壤水分因素。(2)描述性统计分析显示,研究区内土壤水肥特性和复垦植被各指标的变异系数均处在10%-70%之间,属于中等变异,所有的指标均符合正态分布。在0-40 cm的土层中,土壤含水量随着深度的增加而增大,土壤有机质和全氮的变化趋势与之相反。复垦样地植被生长状况良好,其中样地Ⅰ内乔木生长状况最优,样地Ⅲ内草本覆盖度最高。(3)研究区土壤含水量、有机质和全氮变量有较明显的空间相关性,个别变量的空间相关性很强;复垦样地中的草本盖度呈现出良好的空间相关性,除去样地Ⅱ中蓄积量其余各变量的空间相关性较为明显。(4)根据地统计学方法得到的土壤肥力空间分布特征图显示土壤有机质和全氮含量有一定的空间相关性,研究区内复垦样地中土壤有机质和全氮的空间分布特征极其相似。(5)研究区内土壤水肥与复垦植被的耦合协调关系皆为基本协调,说明当前的土壤环境基本能满足植被生长的需求。其中南排土场的复垦样地两系统的协调阶段为基本协调,土壤环境与植被的适宜度较好,西排土场复垦样地处于基本协调—植被滞后阶段。
[Abstract]:There is a complex interaction between the reclamation vegetation and the soil environment in the mining area, which depends on and restricts each other. Especially, soil fertility and moisture are closely related to vegetation restoration. Therefore, how to realize the coordinated development of reclaimed vegetation and soil water and fertilizer to promote the improvement of ecosystem is the core problem of ecological restoration in mining area. This paper chooses the south dump of Antaibao opencast coal mine and the reclamation area of west dump in Pingshuo mining area, Shanxi Province, through the method of factor analysis. The relationship between soil water and fertilizer characteristics and reclaimed vegetation in open pit dump was analyzed by geostatistics method and coupling coordination model. In this paper, the main soil factors affecting the reclamation vegetation in the natural environment are discussed, and the soil water and fertilizer conditions in the mining area and the degree of coordination of the reclamation vegetation are discussed. The following conclusions are obtained from the study. The factors of soil water and fertilizer in mining area and the vegetation data of reclamation were studied by factor analysis and coupling coordination. Soil fertility is the main factor affecting vegetation restoration in Pingshuo dump, followed by soil moisture. The coefficient of variation of soil water and fertilizer characteristics and vegetation indexes were between 10% and 70% in the study area, which belonged to moderate variation, and all the indexes were in accordance with normal distribution in 0-40 cm soil layer. The soil water content increased with the increase of soil depth, and the change trend of soil organic matter and total nitrogen was opposite. The soil water content, organic matter and total nitrogen variables had obvious spatial correlation, and the spatial correlation of individual variables was very strong. The herbaceous coverage of reclaimed land showed good spatial correlation. The spatial correlation of the other variables except the volume in plot 鈪，

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