山东省灰霉病菌对常用杀菌剂的抗性检测及蘸花施药防治黄瓜灰霉病药剂筛选

发布时间：2018-01-08 08:24

  本文关键词：山东省灰霉病菌对常用杀菌剂的抗性检测及蘸花施药防治黄瓜灰霉病药剂筛选　出处：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 灰霉病菌 抗药性 蘸花施药

【摘要】：近几年来,随着我国保护地面积不断扩大,灰霉病已成为危害保护地作物的重要病害之一,严重阻碍了我国农业生产的顺利发展。目前化学防治是灰霉病的主要防治方式,但由于药剂的广泛使用,以及灰霉病菌自身具有的寄主范围广、繁殖快、遗传变异频繁和气流传播的特点,灰霉病的抗药性问题日益突出,因需定期检测灰霉病菌对常用杀菌剂的敏感性变化。另外,在实际生产中,菜农们使用蘸花植调剂中加入杀菌剂的方法,以达到提高坐果率、防治灰霉病的效果,但目前蘸花防治黄瓜灰霉病还存在的问题是:何种药剂及何种剂量效果好、安全等问题尚未见系统研究。为此,本论文采用菌丝生长速率法监测了2016年山东地区85个灰霉菌株对多菌灵、腐霉利、乙霉威等常用药剂的敏感性;研究了异菌脲、啶酰菌胺、咯菌腈等10种药剂蘸花施药对黄瓜灰霉病的防效,初步评估了10种药剂蘸花防治灰霉病的可行性,并筛选出了有效药剂及最佳剂量,为蘸花施药技术防治黄瓜灰霉病提供了依据。主要结果如下:1.85个山东地区灰霉测试菌株中,未检测到多菌灵敏感菌株,多菌灵高抗频率为84.71%;对腐霉利的抗性频率为92.94%,高抗菌株所占比例为10.59%;对异菌脲的抗性频率为89.41%,低抗菌株频率为74.12%;对乙霉威的抗性频率高达96.47%,高抗菌株所占比例为21.18%;对嘧霉胺的抗性频率为98.82%,高抗菌株频率为94.12%;对啶菌VA唑的敏感菌株占总株数的98.82%,低抗菌株所占比例为1.18%;对氟吡菌酰胺抗性频率为64.71%,中抗菌株频率为44.71%;对啶酰菌胺的敏感菌株所占比例为77.65%,高抗频率为5.26%;对咯菌腈敏感菌株占总菌株的87.06%,高抗菌株所占比例为1.18%;检测85个山东地区的灰霉菌株中,未发现对氟啶胺产生抗性的灰霉菌株;对吡唑萘菌胺敏感频率为89.41%,低抗性频率为1.18%。2、氟吡菌酰胺、吡唑萘菌胺、啶酰菌胺、咯菌腈、啶菌VA唑在较低剂量蘸花处理,有较好的防效。氟吡菌酰胺20μg m L-1,吡唑萘菌胺30μg mL-1,啶酰菌胺30μg mL-1,咯菌腈30μg m L-1,啶菌VA唑30μg mL-1的防效分别为80.04%,81.31%,83.95%,87.12%,83.27%,与氯吡脲单剂处理以及空白对照相比,五种药剂低剂量蘸花处理对黄瓜的成果率、单果重无不良影响。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with China's protected area continues to expand, Botrytis cinerea has become a hazard to protect one of the important diseases of crops, seriously hindered the development of agricultural production in China. Currently chemical control is the main way to control Botrytis cinerea, but due to the widespread use of pesticides, host range and Botrytis cinerea has its own the wide, fast breeding, genetic variation characteristics and frequent airflow propagation, resistance to Botrytis cinerea is increasingly prominent, because the sensitivity of regular detection of Botrytis cinerea to fungicides. In addition, in the actual production, method of fungicide addition of vegetable farmers using floral dip planting to improve dispensing. The fruit setting rate, the control of gray mold effect, but the flower dip control cucumber grey mold problems still exist: what is what dose of medicament and good effect, safety and other issues have not been studied. Therefore, this paper uses mycelium The growth rate was detected in Shandong in 2016 85 isolates to carbendazim, procymidone, and other commonly used agents diethofencarb sensitivity; of iprodione, boscalid, fludioxonil and other 10 kinds of medicament spraying dipping flower control effect on Botrytis cinerea, preliminary assessment of the feasibility of 10 chemical dipping flower control of Botrytis cinerea, and screened out the effective medicament and the best dosage, provide the basis for the floral dip control cucumber grey mold spraying technology. The main results are as follows: 1.85 test strains of Botrytis cinerea in Shandong area, was not detected in bacteria sensitive strains, carbendazim is 84.71% high frequency resistance; the frequency of procymidone resistant strains was 92.94%, accounted for 10.59%; the frequency of resistance to iprodione was 89.41%, the low frequency of 74.12% strains of antibacterial resistance; frequency of diethofencarb was as high as 96.47%, high resistant strains accounted for 21.18%; the frequency of resistance to pyrimethanil was 98.82%, 楂樻姉鑿屾牚棰戠巼涓，

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