中国蚜小蜂科亚科和族的鉴别及基于ITS2序列的黄蚜小蜂属系统发育研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 15:27

本文关键词：中国蚜小蜂科亚科和族的鉴别及基于ITS2序列的黄蚜小蜂属系统发育研究　出处：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：蚜小蜂科Aphelinidae隶属膜翅目Hymenoptera,小蜂总科Chalcidoidea,是重要的天敌昆虫,在害虫生物防治中具重要经济意义。目前该科部分分类单元的划分还比较混乱,进行深入的系统分类和系统发育研究十分必要。本论文基于蚜小蜂科的63个外部形态特征,其中包括1个整体特征、14个头部特征、19个胸部特征、5个腹部特征、19个翅特征和5个足特征,以跳小蜂科的3种Thomsonisca typica、Anabrolepis bifasciata和Coccidencyrtus tp.为外群,采用支序法,对中国已发表的该科22属中的55种进行系统发育分析,并在此基础上进行亚科和族的划分;另外,本论文还对17种黄蚜小蜂进行了 ITS2的测定,并从NCBI上下载黄蚜小蜂属的17条ITS2 rDNA基因序列,以Eretmocerus属为外群,分别采用邻接法(NJ)、最大简约法(MP)和贝叶斯法(BI)构建系统发育树,进行系统发育研究。结论如下:1.本研究采用Hayat(1998)的分类系统支持将中国蚜小蜂科分为 Aphelininae亚科 Eriaphytinae 亚科、Azotinae亚科 Coccophaginae亚科、Euryischiinae 亚科和 Eriaporinae 亚科,其中,Aphelininae 亚科分为 Aphytini 族(Aphytis属、Centrodora 属、Marietta属、Proaphelinoides属和Marlattiella 属)、Eretmocerini族(Eretmocerus属)和 Aphelini 族(Aphelinus属和 Protaphelinus 属)3 个族;Eriaphytinae亚科、Azotinae 亚科和 Euryischiinae 亚科为单型属;Coccophaginae亚科分为 Coccophagini族(Coccophag s属和Prococcophagu 属)、Physcini 族(Coccobius 属 Pteroptricini 族(Pteroptrix 属、Archenomus属、Aphelosoma 属、Encarsia 属、Coccophagoides 属和 Prococcophagus属)3个族。2.Aphelininae 亚科、Azotinae 亚科、Euryischiinae 亚科、Eriaphytinae亚科和Eriaporinae亚科都有较高的支持度,为单系群;Coccophaginae亚科是复系群。Aphelininae亚科进化最快,在该科中Eretmocerini族与Marlattiella属进化关系较近;Aphytini族是复系群,Aphytis属最进化;Aphelinini族是单系群,在Aphelininae亚科中最为原始。Coccophaginae 亚科为复系群,Pteroptricini 族较 Coccophagini族和Physcini族进化;Physcini族是单系群;Pteroptricini族和Coccophagini族是复系群,建议恢复Coccophagini族的Prococcophagus属的属级地位。3.本研究对17种黄蚜小蜂进行了 ITS2 rDNA的测定,得到105条序列,由序列分析可知,其A+T的平均含量为52.6%,高于G+C的平均含量(47.4%),转换的频率是颠换频率的0.67倍,序列变异性很强。用MEGA 6.05软件分别计算17种黄蚜小蜂的ITS2 rDNA基因序列的种内、种间遗传距离,结果得出种内、种间平均遗传距离分别是0～7.8%和0.523;其中,A nr diaspidis与Aphytis sp.2之间的遗传距离最小为 0.023,A.holoxanthus、A.nr holoxanthus、A.melinus、Aphytis sp.1之间的遗传距也相对较小;Aphytissp.12和funicularis种团的遗传距离最大为0.889,其他种之间亲缘关系较远的还有funicularis种团与Aphytis sp.4和Aphy is sp.3。4.分析NJ、MP和BI三种方法所建系统发育树的关系,结论如下:BI树最好的呈现了黄蚜小蜂属的系统发育关系,其中,lingnanensis种团为单系群,分为A.lingnanensis和Aphytissp.1+(AphytiS melinus+(A.holoxcanthus+(4.nr holoxanthus)))两个亚种团;chrysomphali种团和proclia种团都不是单系群,Aphytis sp.5与lingnanensis种团的lingnanensis亚种团亲缘关系较近,A nr crysomphali·与Aphytis sp.6是姐妹群;Z145与A.nr diaspidis是同一种;funicularis种团为单系群,最原始。
[Abstract]:Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea belonging to Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, is an important natural enemy insects, with important economic significance in biological control of insect pests. The division of the Department of some taxa also chaotic, the classification system and in-depth research and development is very necessary. This paper Aphelinidae 63 morphological characteristics based on the overall features including 1, 14 head features, 19 chest features, 5 abdominal features, 19 features and 5 foot wing features in 3 Thomsonisca typica Encyrtidae, Anabrolepis bifasciata and Coccidencyrtus tp. as outgroup, the cladistic method of China published the 22 genera in 55 kinds of phylogenetic analysis, and on the basis of dividing subfamily and family; in addition, this paper also carried out ITS2 determination of 17 species of the aphelinid, and download the Yellow Encarsia from NCBI 17 ITS2 rDNA gene sequences of the genus to genus Eretmocerus as outgroup, respectively using neighbor joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian method (BI) to construct phylogenetic tree for phylogenetic studies. The conclusions are as follows: 1. the research by Hayat (1998) classification system will support China aphid EUPELMIDAE divided into Aphelininae subfamily of Eriaphytinae subfamily, Azotinae subfamily of Coccophaginae subfamily, Euryischiinae subfamily and Eriaporinae subfamily, the Aphelininae subfamily is divided into Aphytini group (Aphytis, Centrodora, Marietta, Proaphelinoides and Marlattiella genus), Eretmocerini group (Eretmocerus) and Aphelini group (Aphelinus and Protaphelinus genus 3 family); Eriaphytinae subfamily, Azotinae subfamily and Euryischiinae subfamily is a monotypic genus; Coccophaginae subfamily is divided into Coccophagini group (Coccophag s and Prococcophagu genus), Physcini Family (genus Coccobius of Pteroptricini family (genus Pteroptrix, genus Archenomus, genus Aphelosoma, genus Encarsia, genus Coccophagoides and genus Prococcophagus) 3 family.2.Aphelininae subfamily, Azotinae subfamily, Euryischiinae subfamily, Eriaphytinae subfamily and Eriaporinae subfamily have a high degree of support, is a monophyletic group; Coccophaginae subfamily is polyphyly.Aphelininae subfamily evolution the fastest in the family of Eretmocerini and Marlattiella is a close evolutionary relationship; group Aphytini is polyphyletic group, Aphytis is the evolution; Aphelinini group is monophyletic, in Aphelininae subfamily the most primitive subfamily.Coccophaginae is polyphyletic group, Pteroptricini group compared with Coccophagini group and Physcini group Physcini group is single evolution; Department of the group; Pteroptricini group and Coccophagini group is polyphyletic group, Coccophagini group and Prococcophagus of the genus of.3. status in 17 recovery proposals Yellow aphid wasps were determined by ITS2 rDNA, obtained 105 sequences, from the analysis of sequence, the average content of A+T is 52.6%, the average content is higher than that of G+C (47.4%), the switching frequency is 0.67 times the frequency of transversion, sequence variability is very strong. The ITS2 rDNA gene sequence to calculate the 17 kinds of yellow aphid wasp respectively with MEGA 6.05 software within species, the genetic distance between species, the species, the average genetic distance is 0 ~ 7.8% and 0.523 respectively; the NR diaspidis Aphytis SP.2 between A and the smallest genetic distance was 0.023, A.holoxanthus, A.nr holoxanthus, A.melinus Aphytis sp.1, the genetic distance between it relatively small; Aphytissp.12 and funicularis group the largest genetic distance was 0.889. The genetic relationship between other distant and funicularis group with Aphytis sp.4 and Aphy is sp.3.4. analysis of NJ, MP and BI system built by the three methods of phylogenetic tree. The conclusions are as follows: BI tree, and present the best system of aphytis development, among them, the lingnanensis group is a monophyletic group, divided into A.lingnanensis and Aphytissp.1+ (AphytiS melinus+ (A.holoxcanthus+ (4.nr holoxanthus))) two subspecies group; chrysomphali group and proclia group are not monophyletic. Close to Aphytis sp.5 and the lingnanensis group lingnanensis group A NR subspecies relationship, crysomphali and Aphytis sp.6 are sister groups; Z145 and A.nr diaspidis are the same; the funicularis group is monophyletic, the most primitive.

【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S476.3

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