高温对玉米螟赤眼蜂生存和繁殖的影响

发布时间：2018-01-11 06:20

  本文关键词：高温对玉米螟赤眼蜂生存和繁殖的影响　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 玉米螟赤眼蜂 短时极端高温 持续中等高温 寄生数 羽化率

【摘要】：在我国,玉米螟赤眼蜂是寄生田间玉米螟的优势种,在辽宁省第二代玉米螟发生期间,对玉米螟的卵寄生率常高达80-90%,因此对二代玉米螟的发生及为害起着重要控制作用。近些年来全球气候变暖,极端高温事件频繁发生。昆虫作为变温动物,温度是影响昆虫生物学和生理生化特性的重要因素之一,对昆虫的取食、发育、交配、生殖、寄生及寿命等都有显著的影响,进而影响到昆虫的发生规律,种群大小及分布。通过研究温度与天敌昆虫的关系,有助于研究天敌昆虫在田间的种群数量变动及其饲养、低温贮藏与释放的合理策略等等。加之,使得温度与昆虫(尤其是天敌类昆虫)之间的关系更为复杂,迫切需要更加全面、更加有针对性的研究。因此,本文以玉米螟赤眼蜂为研究对象,研究了高温对玉米螟赤眼蜂的生长发育和繁殖的影响。研究结果如下:通过对蛹后期赤眼蜂于42℃不同时长处理,得出了不同处理时长的高温对赤眼蜂的寄生能力与子代的羽化造成显著影响,且产卵期延长,总寄生数降低。高温处理2h使得寄生卵量与子代羽化量集中在前3d。此外,不同处理时长的高温对赤眼蜂的雌蜂寿命造成显著影响:处理3h和4h的雌蜂寿命显著减少。但各处理组与对照相比雄蜂寿命变化不明显。通过对玉米螟赤眼蜂不同发育阶段对高温的热敏感性的研究,发现赤眼蜂不同发育阶段其耐热性从高到低为:蛹中期蛹后期蛹前期成虫期幼虫期卵期。对玉米螟赤眼蜂母代全部发育阶段进行中等高温(32℃)处理,减少了母代赤眼蜂的产卵量;若在母代产卵期恢复常温条件,其子代羽化蜂量的变化不显著;仅对母代产卵期持续进行中等高温处理,显著降低子代羽化率。
[Abstract]:In China, corn borer Trichogramma is the dominant species of corn borer in the field. During the second generation of corn borer in Liaoning Province, the parasitic rate of corn borer eggs is as high as 80-90%. Therefore, it plays an important role in controlling the occurrence and damage of the second generation corn borer. In recent years, the global warming, extreme high temperature events occur frequently. Temperature is one of the important factors affecting the biological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of insects. It has a significant effect on the feeding, development, mating, reproduction, parasitism and longevity of insects, and then affects the occurrence of insects. Population size and distribution. By studying the relationship between temperature and natural enemy insects, it is helpful to study the population changes and breeding of natural enemy insects in the field, the reasonable strategy of low temperature storage and release, and so on. It makes the relationship between temperature and insects (especially natural enemies) more complex, and needs more comprehensive and targeted research. Therefore, this paper takes Trichogramma furnacalis as the research object. The effects of high temperature on the growth, development and reproduction of Trichogramma furnacalis were studied. The results showed that the parasitic ability of Trichogramma and the emergence of offspring were significantly affected by the high temperature of different treatments, and the oviposition period was prolonged. The total parasitic number decreased. After 2 hours of high temperature treatment, the number of parasitic eggs and the amount of emergence of offspring were concentrated in the first 3 days. The longevity of female Trichogramma was significantly affected by high temperature at different treatments. The lifespan of female wasps decreased significantly at 3 h and 4 h, but there was no significant difference between the treatment groups and the control. The thermal sensitivity of Trichogramma furnacalis at different developmental stages to high temperature was studied. It was found that the heat resistance of Trichogramma in different developmental stages was from high to low: the larval egg stage of prepupae stage in the late stage of pupae, and the treatment of medium high temperature (32 鈩，

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