耕作方式对玉米田土壤真菌多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-01-11 11:16

本文关键词：耕作方式对玉米田土壤真菌多样性的影响　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2010-2015年,采用稀释平板法和秸秆组织定殖法对我国13省经深松和秸秆还田处理的13块玉米田土壤真菌的真菌多样性进行了系统研究,同时利用形态学对获得的真菌进行了种类鉴定,取得了以下结果:1.与常规旋耕相比,深松处理土壤中的非致病菌、致病菌和有益菌逐年增加,其中非致病菌数量最多,其次为致病菌,有益菌数量最少;深松处理玉米田土壤的非致病菌、致病菌和有益菌数量的垂直分布情况为0-10cm＞10-20cm20-30cm。非致病菌、致病菌和有益菌数量为抽雄拔节播前;多样性指数最高的是广西南宁地区玉米田(H'=2.9662),均匀度指数最高的是广西南宁地区玉米(J=1.0698),丰富度指数最高的为吉林洮南地区玉米田(R=5.7727),真菌相似性指数在0.1578到0.7273之间。2.秸秆还田处理玉米田土壤中非致病菌、致病菌和有益菌的菌落密度显著高于旋耕对照处理,且逐年增加,其中非致病菌的菌落密度和增量均为最大值,有益菌和致病菌的菌落密度相近,有益菌菌落密度的增量大于致病菌;播前期到拔节期菌落密度下降,拔节期到抽雄期菌落密度上升。四川绵阳地区玉米田分离得到的真菌种类和数量最多,且多样性指数最高(H'=4.7921),山东济宁地区的均匀度指数最高是(J=1.3912),四川绵阳地区丰富度指数最高(R=5.3640),相似性指数在0.0435到0.5556之间。3.从深松处理玉米田土壤样品中共分离鉴定1971株真菌,52株归入无孢类群,其他1919株真菌属于41属,其中接合菌门6属,占9.49%,子囊菌门3属,占1.78%,无性型真菌共34属,占86.10%,优势属分别是镰孢菌属、青霉属、木霉属、曲霉属,分离频率分别5.98%、15.93%、15.83%、12.94%。秸秆还田处理玉米田共分离1824株真菌,45株归入无孢类群,其他1779株真菌属于39属,其中接合菌门6属,占9.65%,子囊菌门3属,占2.30%,无性型真菌共34属,占85.58%,优势属分别是木霉属、镰孢菌属、曲霉属、青霉属等4属真菌,其分离频率分别为15.63%、15.35%、13.53%和12.86%。
[Abstract]:From 2010 to 2015, the fungal diversity of soil fungi in 13 maize fields treated with deep pine and straw was studied systematically by dilution plate method and straw tissue colonization method in 13 provinces of China. At the same time, morphology was used to identify the fungi, and the following results were obtained: 1. Compared with conventional rotary tillage, the non-pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic bacteria and beneficial bacteria increased year by year. Among them, the number of non-pathogenic bacteria is the most, the next is pathogenic bacteria, and the number of beneficial bacteria is the least. The vertical distribution of the number of pathogenic bacteria and beneficial bacteria was 0-10 cm > 10-20 cm 20-30 cm 路cm. The number of pathogenic bacteria and beneficial bacteria was before flowering and jointing. The highest diversity index in Nanning, Guangxi, was 2.9662N, and the highest evenness index was Jnong 1.0698 in Nanning, Guangxi. The highest richness index was in the maize field of Taonan area, Jilin Province, which was 5.7727). The similarity index of fungi ranged from 0.1578 to 0.7273. The colony density of non-pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic bacteria and beneficial bacteria in maize field treated with straw returning was significantly higher than that in the control treatment with rotary tillage. The colony density and increment of non-pathogenic bacteria were both the maximum, the colony density of beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria were similar, the increment of beneficial bacteria colony density was larger than that of pathogenic bacteria. The colony density decreased from the early sowing stage to the jointing stage, and increased from the jointing stage to the heading stage. The species and quantity of fungi isolated from maize field in Mianyang area of Sichuan Province were the highest. The highest diversity index was 4.7921, the evenness index in Jining area was the highest, and the richness index in Mianyang area was 5.3640). The similarity index ranged from 0.0435 to 0.5556. From soil samples of maize field treated with deep pine treatment, 52 strains of fungi were classified as spore group. The other 1 919 fungi belong to 41 genera, including 6 genera of conjugate fungi (9.49%), 3 genera of ascomycetes (1.78%) and 34 genera of asexual fungi (86.10% genera). The dominant genera were Fusarium, Penicillium, Trichoderma and Aspergillus, with the isolation frequency of 5.98%, 15.93% and 15.83%, respectively. 12.94.A total of 1 824 strains of fungi were isolated from maize field with straw returning treatment. The other 1 779 fungi belong to 39 genera, of which 6 genera were conjugate fungi, accounting for 9.65%. Ascomycetes belong to 3 genera (2.30%) and asexual fungi belong to 34 genera (85.58%). The dominant genera are Trichoderma, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium and so on. The separation frequencies were 15.63% and 12.86%, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513;S154.3

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