陕西省关中地区猕猴桃病害调查及溃疡病防治研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 07:04

本文关键词：陕西省关中地区猕猴桃病害调查及溃疡病防治研究　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

更多相关文章： 猕猴桃 病害调查 溃疡病 药剂评价

【摘要】：猕猴桃作为一种优质保健果品,在国内外果品消费市场上有着很大潜力。陕西作为我国猕猴桃主栽区,种植面积和总产量均居全国第一。由真菌、细菌等病原物侵染引发的病害一直是农业生产中面临的重要的问题。猕猴桃病害种类很多,其中具有重要经济性的有10余种。近年来,随着猕猴桃种植面积的不断扩大、栽培方式的变化及其品种的多样化,影响生产的主要病害种类也随着发生变化。猕猴桃溃疡病是当前世界各猕猴桃栽培区均面临的重大病害,已然给世界猕猴桃产业带来了毁灭性的影响。因此,本研究在2015-2017年间在陕西省猕猴桃主要种植区周至、眉县、岐山、杨凌等地对猕猴桃主要病害种类进行了普查;并对溃疡病的发生特点进行了分析,进一步评价了几种药剂的防治效果。取得的主要研究结果如下:1.在2015~2016年对陕西省关中地区猕猴桃园病害种类通过田间症状观察、病样采集、分离培养及病原鉴定等方法进行了调查。调查结果表明:在所调查时期内,猕猴桃园内发生的真菌病害有黑斑病、菌核病、炭疽病、褐斑病、根腐病等,但各种病害发生情况较轻。2.在2016-2017年间对陕西关中地区猕猴桃溃疡病的发生情况及其特点进行了系统调查。调查结果显示:所调查县(区)猕猴桃溃疡病仍然是生产中面临的重要病害,平均发病率。进一步的病害发病特点的分析发现:不同品种间溃疡病发生差异显著,其中品种红阳发病率最高,徐香、海沃德发病率显著低于红阳;此外,在同一调查地区,溃疡病发生率在不同树龄间明显不同,树龄越大的果园病害发生越严重。3.分别采用树体喷雾和枝干涂抹两种方法评价了8种药剂对猕猴桃溃疡病的田间防治效果。试验结果显示:所测试的8种药剂对猕猴桃溃疡病均有一定的防治效果。两种施药方式比较发现,枝干涂抹药剂对病害表现出更好的防治效果。不同药剂的防治效果差异较大,其中氢氧化铜防治效果最好为71-83%。
[Abstract]:As a kind of high quality health care fruit, kiwifruit has great potential in the domestic and international fruit consumption market. Shaanxi is the main cultivated area of kiwifruit in China. The diseases caused by the infection of bacteria and other pathogens have been an important problem in agricultural production. There are many kinds of kiwifruit diseases, among which there are more than 10 species with important economy. With the continuous expansion of kiwifruit planting area, the change of cultivation methods and the variety of kiwifruit varieties. Kiwifruit canker is one of the major diseases in kiwifruit cultivation areas, which has already brought a devastating impact to the world kiwifruit industry. The main diseases of kiwifruit were surveyed in Zhouzhi, Mei County, Qishan, Yangling and other places in Shaanxi Province during 2015-2017. The characteristics of ulcerative disease were analyzed. The main results were as follows: 1. From 2015 to 2016, the disease types of kiwifruit orchard in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province were observed by field symptom observation. The results showed that the fungus diseases in kiwifruit orchard were black spot, sclerotia sclerotiorum, anthracnose and brown spot. Root rot, etc. The incidence and characteristics of kiwifruit canker in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province were systematically investigated in 2016-2017. Kiwifruit canker is still an important disease in production. The average incidence rate. Further analysis of disease characteristics found that there were significant differences in the occurrence of ulcerative disease among different varieties, in which the incidence rate of Hongyang was the highest, the incidence of Xuxiang and Hayward was significantly lower than that of Hongyang. In addition, in the same area, the incidence of canker disease was significantly different among different tree ages. 3. The field control effects of 8 insecticides on kiwifruit canker were evaluated by tree spray and branch smear, respectively. The 8 kinds of insecticides tested have certain control effect on kiwifruit canker. The control effect of different insecticides on the disease was better than that of other chemicals, among which copper hydroxide had the best effect of 71-83.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S436.634

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