新疆南疆绵羊无浆体流行病学调查及分析

发布时间：2018-01-12 08:28

本文关键词：新疆南疆绵羊无浆体流行病学调查及分析　出处：《塔里木大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无浆体病(Anaplasmosis)是由无浆体(Anaplasma)经节肢动物传播的一种血液传染病。无浆体属于立克次体目(Rickettsiales)、无浆体科(Anaplasmataceae)、无浆体属(Anaplasma)。本试验主要研究种类为绵羊无浆体(Anaplasma ovis),嗜吞噬细胞无浆体(Anaplasma phagocytophilum),牛无浆体(Anaplasma bovis)。绵羊感染该病后出现消瘦、贫血、黄疸等临床症状,导致体重增加减慢和饲草利用率降低,严重可导致死亡,造成严重的经济损失。该病主要通过蜱等媒介动物传播,在牧区因蜱种类繁多、活动范围广,本病需进行长期检测和防控。为了解新疆南疆喀什地区绵羊的无浆体病的感染情况,采用姬姆萨染色法对喀什12个(市、县)地区共278份绵羊血液样品进行显微镜检查,结果表明无浆体阳性样品126份,无浆体总感染率为45.3%。不同采样地点绵羊的无浆体感染率统计学差异极显著(χ2=35.7,p0.01)。散养羊的无浆体感染率(46.6%)高于圈养羊的无浆体感染率(40.7%),但是不同养殖模式绵羊的无浆体感染率统计学差异不显著(χ2=0.7,p0.05)。调查结果表明,喀什地区绵羊的无浆体感染严重,应加强对该病的监测和防控。为更准确了解新疆南疆地区绵羊的无浆体病流行情况,抽取新疆南疆21个(市、县)地区共2523份绵羊全血中637份羊血样品提取DNA。基于MSP4基因对羊血DNA中绵羊无浆体进行巢式PCR扩增检测,基于16S rRNA基因对羊血DNA中嗜吞噬无浆体和牛无浆体进行巢式PCR扩增检测。感染无浆体样品共有527份,无浆体总感染率为82.7%。羊血中感染无浆体的种类有绵羊无浆体、嗜吞噬无浆体、牛无浆体,感染率分别为72.2%、20.3%、52.9%,说明新疆南疆绵羊感染无浆体病的优势种为绵羊无浆体。无浆体的混合感染率普遍存在,总体混合感染率为50.5%。散养羊的无浆体感染率(83.7%)高于圈养羊的无浆体感染率(78.4%)。不同采样点绵羊的无浆体感染率统计学差异极显著(χ2=122.5,p0.01),不同养殖模式绵羊的无浆体感染率统计学差异不显著(χ2=2.3,p0.05)。结果表明,新疆南疆地区无浆体感染情况普遍流行,应加强对该病的综合防治。本次调查为新疆南疆地区绵羊的无浆体病的防控提供了依据。从PCR检查为阳性结果的样品中抽取部分结果测序,分析测序结果并建立系统发育进化树。试验结果表明,部分序列与参照序列有碱基差异,其余序列与参照序列完全相同。通过建立系统发育进化树可知,本试验中绵羊无浆体、牛无浆体和嗜吞噬无浆体均无地理隔离分化特征,嗜吞噬无浆体存在宿主特异性。尽管无浆体的研究很多,但是有关新疆南疆地区绵羊的无浆体病的流行情况和致病种类的调查报道尚较少。通过本研究可知新疆南疆绵羊的无浆体病的流行病学情况及绵羊羊群中流行的无浆体的种类,分析其遗传特征可判断无浆体的遗传多样性和宿主适应性。从而为绵羊无浆体病的防治工作奠定基础,极大地减少该病对新疆南疆畜牧业带来的危害。
[Abstract]:Anaplasmosis (Anaplasmosis) is composed of anaplasmamarginale (Anaplasma) by a blood borne infectious disease of arthropod animal. Anaplasmamarginale belongs to Rickettsiales (Rickettsiales), anaplasmamarginale Department (Anaplasmataceae), Anaplasma species (Anaplasma). The research mainly for sheep (anaplasmamarginale Anaplasma ovis), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Anaplasma phagocytophilum), bovine anaplasmamarginale (Anaplasma bovis). The infection of sheep appear emaciation, anemia, jaundice and other symptoms, lead to weight gain and slow forage utilization decreased, serious can lead to death, causing serious economic losses. The disease mainly through ticks and other media animal communication, because of many kinds of ticks in the pastoral areas, a wide range of activities, the need for long-term disease detection and prevention. In order to understand the sheep in South Xinjiang Kashi area of Anaplasma infection, using Giemsa staining of 12 Kashi (city, county). Area a total of 278 sheep blood samples were examined microscopically, the results show that the slurry of 126 positive samples, no pulp total infection rate was not statistically significant difference rate of slurry sampling sites of different 45.3%. infected sheep (2=35.7, P0.01). No infection rate of paste scattered sheep (46.6%) infection rate the slurry is higher than that of captive sheep (40.7%), but the sheep of different breeding patterns without rate was no significant difference in slurry infection (x 2=0.7, P0.05). The survey results show that anaplasmamarginale serious infection of sheep in Kashi, we should strengthen the monitoring and prevention of the disease. As the epidemic situation of pulp disease accurate understanding of sheep in the south of Xinjiang, from South Xinjiang 21 (city, county) area, a total of 2523 sheep blood in 637 blood samples were extracted from DNA. MSP4 gene in sheep sheep DNA marginale were amplified by nested PCR detection based on 16S, based on rRNA DNA gene in sheep Anaplasma phagocytophilum and bovine anaplasmamarginale amplified by nested PCR detection of Anaplasma infection. There were a total of 527 samples, no pulp total infection rate of 82.7%. infection in sheep species of Anaplasma with Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, bovine anaplasmamarginale, infection rates were 72.2%. 20.3%, 52.9%, Xinjiang Southern sheep infection of dominant species of anaplasmosis for Anaplasma ovis. Anaplasmamarginale mixed infection rate generally exists, no infection rate of slurry overall rate of mixed infection was 50.5%. scattered sheep (83.7%) no infection rate higher than sheep in the slurry (78.4%). The rate was significantly different in different sampling points of slurry infected sheep (2=122.5, P0.01), there was no significant difference of slurry rate of infection of sheep in different breeding patterns (2=2.3, P0.05). The results show that the slurry infection prevalent in Xinjiang in southern Xinjiang, should strengthen the comprehensive prevention and treatment of the disease. This survey Provide the basis for the sheep in the southern of Xinjiang anaplasmosis control. From the PCR examination results for selected samples with positive results of sequencing, the sequencing results were analyzed and a phylogenetic tree. The experimental results show that the partial sequence and the reference sequence of nucleotide differences, the sequence and the reference sequence is identical. Through the establishment of the system the phylogenetic tree shows that no sheep paste in this experiment, bovine Anaplasma phagocytophilum Anaplasma and had no geographic isolation characteristics of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in host specificity. Although many studies of anaplasmamarginale, but a survey reported off Xinjiang sheep in southern Xinjiang anaplasmosis epidemic the situation is less. And the pathogenic species of Anaplasma species by the popularity of this study shows that in southern Xinjiang sheep anaplasmosis epidemiology and sheep from the flock, analysis of their genetic characteristics can be judged without slurry The genetic diversity and host adaptability of the body lay the foundation for the prevention and control of sheep no body disease, and greatly reduce the harm of the disease to animal husbandry in southern Xinjiang.

【学位授予单位】：塔里木大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S858.26

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