气象条件对玉米光合特性及产量的影响研究

发布时间：2018-02-15 04:26

  本文关键词： 气象因子 玉米 光合特性 产量　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了研究气象条件对玉米光合特性及产量所造成的影响,以辽宁省大面积推广种植的中晚熟品种"郑单958"为材料,于2015～2016年在沈阳农业大学农学院科研试验基地进行了为期两年的试验。通过分期播种方法模拟不同气象条件,并利用统计相关分析方法探讨气象因子对玉米光合特性及产量的影响。取得主要结果如下:1.气温、光照强度及相对湿度是影响净光合速率较为显著的气象因子,一定温度范围内拔节期温度越高、光照强度越强、较大的相对湿度以及较高的积温和较大的累积日照时数会对光合作用产生促进作用;之后的生育阶段,温度越高、累积降水量越大越会抑制净光合速率的增长。2.气孔导度易受到各气象条件的影响,在玉米各生育阶段内,一定范围内的温度和光照强度的升高会抑制气孔导度的增大,相对湿度的增加则会对其产生促进作用,各生育阶段前期累积的气象条件对气孔导度影响较小。3.在玉米拔节期内,气温和相对湿度的增加对胞间CO2浓度起到促进作用,光照强度的增大对其产生一定的抑制作用;在其余生育阶段内,气温与光照强度是胞间CO2浓度的抑制因子,而相对湿度对其产生促进作用,前期累积气象条件对其影响并不是十分显著。4.玉米实时蒸腾速率与全生育阶段的实时气温、光照强度和前期累积日照时数呈正相关关系,伴随着这些因子的升高会使蒸腾速率增大;在一定程度上,全生育期的相对湿度、前期积温和累积降水对蒸腾速率起到的是抑制作用。5.净光合速率及蒸腾速率日变化均呈现出先升高后降低的单峰曲线变化,峰值多出现在11时或13时。随生育进程的推进,净光合速率及蒸腾速率均有所减弱。温度、光强日变化整体呈先升高后降低,个别时间点因天气状况原因导致温度、光强存在异常升高或降低点;相对湿度日变化趋势均为上升趋势,数值因处理不同而各不相同,且结果具有不规则性。净光合速率的峰值多出现在光照强度日峰值出现的时间上,光强相同时,净光合速率不同,因其余气象因子起到了辅助作用。蒸腾速率除受光强、温度影响以外,相对湿度是影响其的重要因子。6.全生育期内,积温和累积降水对产量有显著的影响,一定范围内积温越高、累积降水量越大,越能够提高玉米产量;累积降水与穗粗和秃尖长有极显著的负相关关系,累积日照时数与穗粗和秃尖长呈显著正相关关系。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect of meteorological conditions on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize, Zhengdan 958, a mid-late mature variety widely popularized and planted in Liaoning Province, was used as the material. A two-year experiment was carried out in Shenyang Agricultural University Agricultural College from 2015 to 2016. Different meteorological conditions were simulated by means of seeding by stages. The main results are as follows: 1. Temperature, light intensity and relative humidity are the most significant meteorological factors affecting net photosynthetic rate. The higher the jointing temperature in a certain temperature range, the stronger the light intensity. The higher the relative humidity, the higher accumulated temperature and the larger accumulated sunshine hours, the higher the photosynthesis is, and the higher the temperature is in the later growth stage. The increase of net photosynthetic rate will be inhibited by the increase of accumulated precipitation. 2. Stomatal conductance is easy to be affected by various meteorological conditions, and the increase of temperature and light intensity in a certain range will inhibit the increase of stomatal conductance in every growing stage of maize. The accumulation of meteorological conditions in the early stages of growth had little effect on stomatal conductance. During the jointing stage of maize, the increase of temperature and relative humidity promoted the concentration of intercellular CO2. The temperature and light intensity were the inhibitory factors of intercellular CO2 concentration in the other growth stages, and the relative humidity promoted them. The effect of accumulated meteorological conditions on it was not very significant. 4. The real time transpiration rate of maize was positively correlated with the real time temperature, light intensity and accumulated sunshine hours in the whole growing stage. With the increase of these factors, the transpiration rate increases; to some extent, the relative humidity of the whole growth period, The effect of accumulated temperature and precipitation on transpiration rate was inhibited. 5. Net photosynthetic rate and diurnal variation of transpiration rate showed a single peak curve of first rising and then decreasing, and the peak value appeared at 11: 00 or 13:00, and with the development of growth, the net photosynthetic rate and the diurnal variation of transpiration rate showed a single peak change. The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were all weakened. The diurnal variation of temperature and light intensity increased first and then decreased. The temperature increased or decreased at some time points due to the weather condition. The diurnal variation trend of relative humidity is all upward, and the values are different because of different treatments, and the results are irregular. The peak of net photosynthetic rate appears at the time when the daily peak of light intensity appears, and when the light intensity is the same, The net photosynthetic rate is different, because the other meteorological factors play an auxiliary role. Besides the influence of light intensity and temperature, relative humidity is the important factor. 6. During the whole growth period, accumulated temperature and accumulated precipitation have significant effects on yield. The higher the accumulated temperature in a certain range, the greater the accumulated precipitation, the higher the corn yield, the more significant negative correlation was found between accumulated precipitation and ear diameter and bald tip length, and the positive correlation was found between cumulative sunshine time and ear diameter and bald tip length.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513
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本文编号：1512423