土壤增温及不同栽培基质配比对高寒地区林木生长的影响

发布时间：2018-03-01 00:25

本文关键词： 高寒地区城乡绿化土壤增温栽培基质　出处：《青海大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：青藏高原的生态问题日益受到人们的关注,为了保证高寒极端气候地区城乡绿化树木的成活率,促进林木生长。本研究以青海省天峻县为研究区,采用自控温电热带土壤增温系统增加土壤温度,通过不同增温时间、不同增温梯度以及不同栽培基质配比的试验研究树木成活及生长,结果表明:1.增温时间:在6月7日开始增温榆叶梅、青杨、紫丁香、青海云杉的成活率达到最高,花叶海棠的成活率则在6月14日开始增温达到最高;6月7日增温榆叶梅、青海云杉和花叶海棠的生长量的增长率最大,6月1日开始增温紫丁香、青杨生长量的增长率最大。2.增温梯度:在土壤增温4℃±1℃时,榆叶梅、青杨和青海云杉的成活率都较其他处理高,而花叶海棠,紫丁香在3℃±1℃时成活率较其他处理高。在促进树木生长上,土壤增温4℃±1℃时相对于其他处理对青杨、榆叶梅、紫丁香的生长为最佳处理,3℃±1℃时处理则相对于其他处理对青海云杉和花叶海棠的生长的促进作用最大。3.基质配比:采用森林土:泥炭土:腐熟羊粪:本土为1:1:1:2的配比下榆叶梅,花叶海棠的成活率都较其他处理高,而紫丁香、青海云杉与青杨在泥炭土:珍珠岩:腐熟羊粪:本土为2:1:1:2的配比下成活率较其他处理高。在促进树木生长上,泥炭土:珍珠岩:腐熟羊粪:本土为2:1:1:2的处理相对于其他处理对青杨、紫丁香的生长为最佳处理,森林土:泥炭土:腐熟羊粪:本土为1:1:1:2的处理则相对于其他处理对榆叶梅、青海云杉和花叶海棠的生长的促进作用最佳。综合以上结果,在高寒地区城乡绿化造林中采用自控温土壤增温系统于6月7日开始进行土壤增温并将土壤温度的增加量设置为4℃±1℃,同时采用森林土:泥炭土:腐熟羊粪:本土为1:1:1:2的栽培基质配比方式是提高该地区城乡绿化树木存活率及促进生长的最佳方案。
[Abstract]:The ecological problem of Tibetan Plateau has attracted more and more attention, in order to guarantee the survival rate of trees in urban and rural areas in the extreme climate, promote the growth of trees. In this study, Tianjun County of Qinghai Province as the study area, using the automatic temperature control electric heating system of tropical soil can increase soil temperature, increasing temperature through different time, different temperature gradient and different substrate ratio experimental study on survival and growth of trees, the results showed that: 1. warming time: in June 7th began warming flowering plum, Populus, lilac, the survival rate reached the highest survival rate of Qinghai spruce, flower Ye Haitang's temperature reached the highest in June 14th to June 7; increasing temperature and growth of Qinghai spruce and flowering. Begonia flowers and leaves the maximum growth rate, June 1st began warming lilac, poplar growth.2. the growth rate of the maximum temperature gradient in soil warming 4: flowering plum - 1 Deg. C, and Qinghai, P. The survival rate of spruce is higher than other treatments, and the flowers Ye Haitang, lilac at 3 - 1 Deg. C when the survival rate is higher than other treatments. In promoting the growth of trees, soil temperature increase 4 - 1 Deg. C when compared with other treatments on flowering, Populus, lilac growth was the best treatment, compared with treatment the biggest role in promoting.3. matrix proportion of Qinghai spruce and other processing of flowers and leaves of Begonia growth of 3 - 1 Deg. C: the forest soil: peat: sheep manure: native 1:1:1:2 proportion of flowering plum, survival rate of flowers and leaves of Begonia are high compared with other treatments, and the lilac, spruce and poplar in Qinghai Peat: Perlite: sheep manure: native 2:1:1:2 ratio under the survival rate is higher than other treatments. In promoting the growth of trees, peat: Perlite: sheep manure: compared with other treatments on local poplar for the 2:1:1:2 treatment, the best treatment for the growth of lilac Forest, soil: peat: sheep manure: native compared with other treatments on flowering plum for the 1:1:1:2 treatment, the best role in promoting Qinghai spruce and flower leaf crabapple growth. Based on the above results, the urban afforestation in the alpine region with automatic temperature control soil warming system started in June 7th and will increase the amount of soil warming the soil temperature is set to 4 - 1 Deg. C, and the forest soil: peat: sheep manure: local cultivation substrates of 1:1:1:2 is to improve the survival rate of trees in urban and rural areas and promote the growth of the best case.

【学位授予单位】：青海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S718.4

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