基于HRM技术鉴定赤眼蜂种类及松毛虫赤眼蜂田间应用技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 15:52

  本文选题：HRM　切入点：种类鉴定　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenee),是危害玉米的重要害虫,制约着我国玉米的产量与品质,东北地区为我国玉米主产区,一般年份,春玉米受玉米螟为害而减产10%左右,大发生年可使玉米减产30%以上,造成巨大的损失。近年来全球气候变暖、耕作改制和玉米品种更替,亚洲玉米螟生物学特性与危害习性已发生明显改变,为害呈加重趋势,大发生频率不断增加。玉米螟幼虫属钻蛀性害虫,利用化学农药防治困难。同时,使用化学农药也杀伤有益节肢动物。因此,全球仍继续关注发展环境友好型和可持续的管理措施。生物防治是害虫综合治理的重要组成部分,根据天敌、寄主与非生物之间的相互作用,选择最佳的生物防治剂。赤眼蜂是防治鳞翅目害虫的重要天敌昆虫,广泛应用于农作物害虫防治。本研究建立基于HRM技术鉴定3种赤眼蜂方法的基础上,研究了松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichograrmma dendrolimi Matsumura在玉米田的扩散距离,比较不同放蜂方法及人工释放松毛虫赤眼蜂防治1代亚洲玉米螟和1、2代亚洲玉米螟联防对亚洲玉米螟田间防治效果,旨在建立赤眼蜂蜂种快速鉴定技术体系,探索高效的放蜂技术,以指导赤眼蜂田间应用,提高生物防治效果。主要研究结果如下:1.在优化HRM反应体系的基础上,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析获得标准化熔解曲线与标准化差异曲线,成功将3种赤眼蜂鉴别出来,建立了基于HRM技术的松毛虫赤眼蜂、玉米螟赤眼蜂T.ostriniaae Pang et Chen和稻螟赤眼蜂T.japonicumAshmead的快速鉴定方法。2.在14.7 ha的玉米田中心释放300000头松毛虫赤眼蜂,定期调查每个诱集点黄板所诱捕到的赤眼蜂个体数量,应用多个扩散模型计算出松毛虫赤眼蜂在1、2代亚洲玉米螟发生时期的平均扩散距离分别为24.55m和29.62m,估算出在玉米田中释放松毛虫赤眼蜂,防治1代亚洲玉米螟时每公顷设置20个释放点,防治2代亚洲玉米螟时每公顷设置15个释放点。3.采用无人机投放赤眼蜂蜂卡与人工投放赤眼蜂蜂卡,比较不同种植密度和释放方法对亚洲玉米螟的田间防效。根据放蜂后的调查以及剖秆调查结果发现,在种植密度相同条件下,无人机投放赤眼蜂蜂卡对亚洲玉米螟的田间防治效果(23.92%)与人工投放赤眼蜂蜂卡(41.83%)之间无显著差异。在不同种植密度条件下,使用无人机投放蜂卡对亚洲玉米螟的田间防治效果为:低密度种植常规密度种植高密度种植。4.比较人工释放松毛虫赤眼蜂防治1代亚洲玉米螟与1、2代亚洲玉米螟联防两种防治方法对田间亚洲玉米螟的防治效果及玉米产量的影响。根据放蜂后田间调查、秋后剖杆调查及测产结果,表明释放松毛虫赤眼蜂联防1、2代亚洲玉米螟对田间亚洲玉米螟的防治效果(57.79%)及挽回产量损失率(6.15%)优于仅防治1代亚洲玉米螟的防治效果(30.95%)及挽回产量损失率(4.93%)。
[Abstract]:Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis Gueneee is an important pest that harms maize and restricts the yield and quality of maize in China. Northeast China is the main maize producing area in China. In general years, spring maize is damaged by corn borer and the yield is reduced by 10% or so. In recent years, global climate warming, tillage reform and maize variety replacement, the biological characteristics and harmful habits of Asian corn borer have changed obviously, and the damage has become more serious. The larva of corn borer belongs to drilling borer, and it is difficult to use chemical pesticide to control it. At the same time, the use of chemical pesticide can also kill and kill beneficial arthropods. The development of environmentally friendly and sustainable management practices continues to be a global concern. Biological control is an important component of integrated pest management, based on the interactions between natural enemies, host and abiotic, The best biological control agent was selected. Trichogramma was an important natural enemy insect to control Lepidoptera pests and was widely used in crop pest control. In this study, three methods of identification of Trichogramma were established based on HRM technology. The diffusion distance of Trichogramma Trichograrmma dendrolimi Matsumura in maize field was studied, and the control effects of different methods and artificial release Trichogramma against Asian corn borer of first generation and Asian corn borer of 1 and 2 generations were compared. The aim of this study was to establish a rapid identification system for Trichogramma species and to explore a highly efficient bee-releasing technique to guide the field application of Trichogramma and to improve the biological control effect. The main results were as follows: 1. On the basis of optimizing the HRM reaction system, The standardized melting curve and standardized differential curve were obtained by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis. The three species of Trichogramma were successfully identified and the Trichogramma pine caterpillar based on HRM technology was established. The rapid identification method of T. ostriniaae Pang et Chen and T. japonicum Ashmead. 300000 Trichogramma pine caterpillars were released in the center of corn field of 14.7ha. Using several diffusion models, the average diffusion distance of Trichogramma in the first and second generation of Asian corn borer was 24.55 m and 29.62 m, respectively, and the release of Trichogramma from maize field was estimated. There were 20 release points per hectare for the first generation of Asian corn borer control and 15 release points per hectare for the second generation of Asian corn borer. The field control effects of different planting density and release methods on Asian corn borer were compared. There was no significant difference between the field control effect of Trichogramma drone on Asian corn borer (23.92) and that of Trichogramma (41.83). The field control effects of using drones to control Asian corn borer are as follows: low density planting conventional density planting high density planting .4.Compared artificial release of pine caterpillar Trichogramma to control Asian corn borer of first generation and Asian corn borer of 1 and 2 generations. Effects of two combined control methods on the control effect and corn yield of Asian corn borer in the field. After autumn, the results of the survey and the measurement of the yield, The results showed that the control effect of 1 ~ 2 generation Asian corn borer by releasing Trichogramma pine caterpillar on the field was 57.79%) and the yield loss rate was 6.15%) which was better than the control effect of the first generation Asian corn borer only (30.955) and the recovery yield loss rate (4.93%).
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.13;S476.3
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本文编号：1561688