便携式树高速测尺的研制

发布时间：2018-03-09 14:13

本文选题：树高　切入点：测高器　出处：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：测高器是森林调查中不可缺少的基础工具和重要工具。在现有测高器中,树高速测尺因其具有良好的测量精度和灵活的使用方法受到业内人士的认可,但目前仍然存在着尺身过长、携带不便的问题,本论文针对树高速测尺的这一问题,通过尺身套叠、折叠以及弯曲盘旋等方式进行改进性设计,进而实现了该尺易用性和便携性的有效统一,其主要研究成果如下:(1)套叠式树高速测尺整尺基本结构如下:可伸缩的上、中、下三部分尺身以及三部分尺身之间控制伸缩的按钮和可沿下尺身上下游动并能固定于下尺身上的两个移动尺脚。上尺身为实心结构,中尺身和下尺身为中空结构,上尺身可在控制按钮的控制下缩入中尺身,中尺身可在控制按钮的控制下缩入下尺身,最终可套叠为下尺身的长度。上尺身顶部有用于操作的手持孔,下尺身底部还有防止尺脚脱落的防脱凸起,其整体尺身上标有读取树高的测高刻度。(2)折叠式树高速测尺整尺基本结构如下:可旋转折叠的上、中、下三部分尺身,其中上尺身为实心结构,中尺身和下尺身皆为槽形结构,该槽形结构类似于折叠铅笔刀的刀柄设计。三段尺身之间通过转轴连接,在进行折叠存放时,上尺可围绕上转轴转动折入中尺内,中尺可围绕下转轴转动折入下尺内,最终整尺折叠为下尺的长度。在尺身交接的部分设计有校准尺身伸直的校准孔,在中尺身和下尺身下部设计有方便尺身伸直的弧形开口,整体尺身上还设计有读取树高的刻度值、固定尺脚和手持孔。(3)盒式树高速测尺整尺共有三部分组成:测尺、尺颈和尺盒。测尺采用可以弯曲缠绕的柔性材质,测尺结构的正面和反面分别标注有测高刻度和测距刻度,可实现测高和测距两种功能。尺颈内部安装有控制测尺收放的制动装置和平衡整尺重心的平衡装置。尺盒内部的主要结构是发条弹簧壳体结构,发条弹簧壳体内部储存有发条弹簧,外部用于缠绕存放测尺,在尺盒外部设计有固定尺脚结构。(4)链条式树高速测尺整尺共由四部分组成:尺盖、尺链、中心盘和尺盒。尺盖和尺盒部分主要用于储存尺链结构。尺链结构由链环、环钉和刻度坠构成,链环为圆环结构,环钉为带有尾部螺丝的圆环结构,刻度坠为三棱柱结构用于刻制刻度值和刻度线。中心盘结构用于连接尺链和尺盒装置,并且中心盘上还有通气孔结构,通气孔的设计可使尺链收入尺盒更加顺畅。以上四种树高速测尺的设计都是在专利号为ZL2009102564050的树高速测尺基础上完成的,但是与原尺相比,新设计在保持原尺测量性能的基础上,均可在非工作状态下有效缩短尺身长度,便于野外携带和使用,因此新设计比原尺有了更好的实用价值和推广价值。
[Abstract]:The altimeter is an indispensable basic tool and important tool in forest survey. Among the existing altimeters, the tree high speed measuring scale is recognized by the industry because of its good measuring accuracy and flexible use methods. However, there are still the problems of too long ruler body and inconvenient carrying. This paper aims at the problem of high speed measuring scale of tree, and improves the design by means of folding, folding and bending and hovering, and so on. The main research results are as follows: (1) the basic structure of the high speed measuring ruler of the nested tree is as follows: the scalable upper, the middle, the middle, the upper, the lower, the lower, the lower, the lower, the lower, the lower, the lower, the lower, the lower, the lower, the lower. The bottom three parts of the ruler body and the three parts of the ruler body control telescopic buttons and two movable feet that can swim under the lower ruler body and can be fixed to the lower ruler body. The upper ruler is a solid structure, the middle ruler body and the lower ruler are hollow structures, The upper ruler body can be retracted into the middle ruler body under the control of the control button, the middle ruler body can be retracted into the lower ruler body under the control of the control button, and finally the length of the lower ruler body can be set to the length of the lower ruler body. The top of the upper ruler body has a handheld hole for operation, The bottom of the bottom of the lower ruler also has a protuberance to prevent the foot from falling off. The whole ruler is marked with a height scale of reading tree height. The basic structure of the folding tree high speed measuring ruler is as follows: the top, middle, and lower parts of the body can be rotated and folded. The upper ruler is a solid structure, the middle ruler body and the lower ruler body are groove structure, the groove structure is similar to the knife handle design of the folding pencil knife. The upper ruler can be rotated around the upper axis into the middle ruler, the middle ruler can rotate around the lower axis and fold into the lower ruler, and finally the entire ruler can be folded into the length of the lower ruler. A calibration hole for straightening the body of the ruler is designed in the part of the joint of the ruler and body. An arc opening is designed in the middle and the lower part of the ruler, and the whole ruler is also designed to read the calibration value of the tree height. The fixed foot and the handheld hole. 3) the boxed tree high speed measuring ruler consists of three parts: the measuring scale, The ruler is made of a flexible material that can be bent and wound. The front and the opposite of the ruler structure are marked with the height scale and the ranging scale, respectively. The inner part of the ulnar neck is equipped with a brake device for controlling the ruler's retracement and discharge and a balance device for balancing the center of gravity of the whole ruler. The main structure of the ruler box is the spring spring shell structure. The inside of the shell of the spring spring is stored with the spring spring, the outer part is used for winding and storing the measuring ruler, and the outside of the ruler box is designed with a fixed ruler foot structure. 4) the chain tree high speed measuring ruler is composed of four parts: the ruler cover, the ruler chain, The central disk and the ruler box. The ruler cover and the ruler box are mainly used to store the ruler chain structure. The ruler chain structure consists of a chain ring, a ring nail and a scale drop. The chain ring is a ring structure, and the ring nail is a ring structure with a rear screw. The center disk structure is used to connect the ruler chain to the ruler box device, and the central disk has an air hole structure on the center disk. The design of the ventilation hole can make the ruler chain income ruler box more smooth. The design of the four kinds of tree high speed ruler mentioned above is completed on the basis of the tree high speed ruler with patent number ZL2009102564050, but compared with the original ruler, the new design is based on maintaining the measuring performance of the original ruler. Both of them can effectively shorten the length of the ruler in the non-working state and are easy to carry and use in the field, so the new design has better practical value and popularizing value than the original ruler.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S758.7

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