基于培养基的池塘表层底泥中营养物质的变化特征及饵料生物培育效果

发布时间：2018-03-10 23:55

  本文选题：培养基　切入点：营养盐　出处：《上海海洋大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本试验对投放培养基后池塘表层底泥中不同形态氮和磷的季节变化,及氮磷与底栖饵料生物的关系,间隙水中营养物质的变化,培养基中添加糖蜜和腐殖酸对底栖饵料生物的影响,以及使用培养基后水质及表层底泥中不同有机质的变化进行了研究,为培养基的科学合理使用及培养基配方优化提供了理论依据,试验主要结论如下:1、不同形态氮的变化特征及相关性本实验在模拟池塘投放培养基后,测定表层底泥中不同形态氮的变化。结果表明:处理组可转化态氮(TTN)中的离子交换态氮(IEF-N)、弱酸可提取态氮(WAEF-N)、强碱可提取态氮(SAEF-N)、强氧化剂可提取态氮(SOEF-N)的含量随着培养基的投放量的增加而增加;对照组中IEF-N含量大于处理组,其他几种形态氮都基本小于处理组。各组IEF-N、SAEF-N、SOEF-N从春季到秋季的含量基本表现为逐渐减少。另外,对其相关性分析发现,WAEF-N和SAEF-N有利于底栖饵料生物的培育,而SOEF-N不利于底栖饵料生物的繁殖。各形态氮中都是氨态氮(NH4+-N)含量最高,其次为硝态氮(NO3--N),亚硝态氮(NO2--N)含量最少。2、不同形态磷的变化特征及相关性本实验在模拟池塘投放培养基后,测定表层底泥中不同形态磷的变化。结果表明:各组无机磷(IP)中的各形态磷含量高低表现为铝结合态磷(Al-P)钙结合态磷(Ca-P)铁结合态磷(Fe-P)弱吸附态磷(Labile-P),且各组中Labile-P、Al-P及Ca-P的含量基本随着培养基投放量的增加而增加,培养基的投放对池塘磷的贡献主要体现为增加Labile-P及Fe-P的供给潜力;对各形态磷之间的相关性分析发现Fe-P与Ca-P之间存在相互转化的关系,Fe-P与摇蚊幼虫也存在一定的相关性。3、间隙水中营养盐的变化特征本实验在模拟池塘中投放培养基后,采用Peeper装置采集间隙水,测定其中亚铁离子(Fe2+)、磷酸盐(PO43--P)、硝态氮(NO3--N)及氨态氮(NH4+-N)的浓度变化。结果表明:各组间隙水中Fe2+和NH4+-N的含量从上到下逐渐增加,在5cm深处出现趋于稳定,不同季节之间纵向变化趋势变化不大;NO3--N含量在春季表现为从上到下逐渐降低的趋势,夏季到秋季深处有增加的趋势,PO43--P的纵向季节变化与NO3--N相反;通过各组之间营养盐含量的比较发现处理组都基本高于对照组,且基本都是处理组2最高,即培养基按1.35×104 kg/ha的比列投放对间隙水中营养盐的影响最大。另外,研究了种植伊乐藻对间隙水中营养盐的影响,研究表明,在春夏秋三季都可以明显降低间隙水中Fe2+、PO43--P、NH4+-N的含量,而对NO3--N去除效果,仅在夏季较明显。4、培养基优化研究为了增强饵料生物的培育效果,本实验在原培养基的基础上添加了适量的蜜糖和腐殖酸,观察培育效果,并监测常规水质变化。结果表明,添加蜜糖和腐殖酸有助于增强饵料生物的培育,且蜜糖添加组显著高于原培养基组(P0.05)。溶解氧(DO)表现为蜜糖添加组高于腐殖酸添加组高于原培养基组;电导率(EC)与溶解性总固体(TDS)表现为原培养基组最高,蜜糖添加组最低。在对水中氮、磷的影响方面,腐殖酸添加组的亚硝态氮(NO2--N)、磷酸盐(PO43--P)及总磷(TP)的含量高于蜜糖添加组和原培养基组,硝态氮(NO3--N)、氨态氮(NH4+-N)及总氮(TN)表现为原培养基组略高于其他两组。表层底泥中总有机质(TOM)和溶解性有机质(DOM)表现为腐殖酸添加组最高,原培养基组最低,差异不显著(P0.05),三种活性有机质(活性有机质(LOM)、中活性有机质(MLOM)及高活性有机质(HLOM))的含量表现为蜜糖添加组最高,原培养基组最低,差异不显著(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:The test of the training on seasonal variation of different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface sediments of the pond base, and the relationship between nitrogen and phosphorus and benthic food organisms, changes in pore water nutrients, the effects of molasses and humic acid on benthic food organisms in the medium, and the use of medium changes after different organic matter of sediment water and in the surface were studied for the rational use of medium and medium science provides a theoretical basis for optimization, the main conclusions are as follows: 1, the variation characteristics and correlation of different forms of nitrogen in this experiment simulated pond put medium after the determination of the change of different forms of nitrogen in the surface sediments. The result shows that: group of transferable nitrogen (TTN) in ion exchangeable nitrogen (IEF-N), weak acid extractable nitrogen (WAEF-N), strong alkali extractable nitrogen (SAEF-N), a strong oxidant extractable nitrogen (SOEF-N) content with medium The amount of the increase of IEF-N content; in the control group than the treatment group, several other forms of nitrogen are less than the basic treatment groups. IEF-N, SAEF-N, SOEF-N content from spring to autumn was gradually reduced. In addition, the correlation analysis showed that WAEF-N and SAEF-N are conducive to the cultivation of benthic food organisms. While SOEF-N is not conducive to the benthic food organisms reproduce. Are the various forms of nitrogen in ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) content was the highest, followed by nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N) content of at least.2, variation and correlation of different forms of phosphorus in this experiment simulated pond put medium after determination the changes of different forms of phosphorus in the surface sediment. The results showed: each group of inorganic phosphorus (IP) high and low content of different forms of phosphorus in the performance of aluminum bound phosphorus (Al-P) calcium bound phosphorus (Ca-P) iron bound phosphorus (Fe-P) phosphorus (Labile-P), and Labi group Le-P, Al-P and Ca-P content increase with the increase of basic medium amount and medium on the pond P contribution is mainly reflected in the increase of Labile-P and Fe-P on the supply potential; correlation between phosphorus analysis found that there is a relationship of mutual conversion between Fe-P and Ca-P, Fe-P and.3 are chironomid larvae correlation, variation characteristics of nutrients in the interstitial water of the medium in this experiment on the simulation in the pond, using Peeper device to collect interstitial water, the determination of ferrous ion (Fe2+), phosphate (PO43--P), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentration. The results showed that the content of Fe2+ and NH4+-N in interstitial water were increased gradually from top to bottom, in the depth of 5cm tends to be stable in different seasons between the longitudinal change trend of little change in the spring; the content of NO3--N is gradually reduced from the top to the bottom of the trend of summer The autumn season to depths increased, the seasonal changes and the NO3--N PO43--P longitudinal contrast; through the comparison between the nutrient content in the treatment group are higher than that of the control group, and treatment group are 2 highest, namely medium by 1.35 * 104 kg/ha has put impact on the gap of nutrients in the largest. In addition, the planting of Elodea effects of nutrients in the interstitial water research shows that in the spring and autumn three season can significantly reduce the interstitial water of Fe2+, PO43--P, NH4+-N content, and the removal efficiency of NO3--N, only in the summer is obviously.4, culture studies in order to enhance the cultivation effect of bait biological optimization based. In this experiment, add honey and humic acid amount based on the original medium, observe the cultivation effect, and routine monitoring of water quality change. The results show that the addition of honey and humic acid helps to enhance the cultivation of food bio, and honey 绯栨坊鍔犵粍鏄捐憲楂樹簬鍘熷煿鍏诲熀缁，

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